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AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional Questions and Answers

Question 1

A security team is concerned that a developer can unintentionally attach an Elastic IP address to an Amazon EC2 instance in production. No developer should be allowed to attach an Elastic IP address to an instance. The security team must be notified if any production server has an Elastic IP address at any time

How can this task be automated'?

Options:

Use Amazon Athena to query AWS CloudTrail logs to check for any associate-address attempts Create an AWS Lambda function to disassociate the Elastic IP address from the instance, and alert the security team.

Attach an 1AM policy to the developers' 1AM group to deny associate-address permissions Create a custom AWS Config rule to check whether an Elastic IP address is associated with any instance tagged as production, and alert the security team

Ensure that all 1AM groups associated with developers do not have associate-address permissions. Create a scheduled AWS Lambda function to check whether an Elastic IP address is associated with any instance tagged as production, and alert the secunty team if an instance has an Elastic IP address associated with it

Create an AWS Config rule to check that all production instances have EC2 1AM roles that include deny associate-address permissions Verify whether there is an Elastic IP address associated with any instance, and alert the security team if an instance has an Elastic IP address associated with it.

Question 2

A space exploration company receives telemetry data from multiple satellites. Small packets of data are received through Amazon API Gateway and are placed directly into an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue. A custom application is subscribed to the queue and transforms the data into a standard format.

Because of inconsistencies in the data that the satellites produce, the application is occasionally unable to transform the data. In these cases, the messages remain in the SQS queue. A DevOps engineer must develop a solution that retains the failed messages and makes them available to scientists for review and future processing.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Lambda to poll the SQS queue and invoke a Lambda function to check whether the queue messages are valid. If validation fails, send a copy of the data that is not valid to an Amazon S3 bucket so that the scientists can review and correct the data. When the data is corrected, amend the message in the SQS queue by using a replay Lambda function with the corrected data.

Convert the SQS standard queue to an SQS FIFO queue. Configure AWS Lambda to poll the SQS queue every 10 minutes by using an Amazon EventBridge schedule. Invoke the Lambda function to identify any messages with a SentTimestamp value that is older than 5 minutes, push the data to the same location as the application's output location, and remove the messages from the queue.

Create an SQS dead-letter queue. Modify the existing queue by including a redrive policy that sets the Maximum Receives setting to 1 and sets the dead-letter queue ARN to the ARN of the newly created queue. Instruct the scientists to use the dead-letter queue to review the data that is not valid. Reprocess this data at a later time.

Configure API Gateway to send messages to different SQS virtual queues that are named for each of the satellites. Update the application to use a new virtual queue for any data that it cannot transform, and send the message to the new virtual queue. Instruct the scientists to use the virtual queue to review the data that is not valid. Reprocess this data at a later time.

Question 3

An Amazon EC2 instance is running in a VPC and needs to download an object from a restricted Amazon S3 bucket. When the DevOps engineer tries to download the object, an AccessDenied error is received,

What are the possible causes tor this error? (Select TWO,)

Options:

The 53 bucket default encryption is enabled.

There is an error in the S3 bucket policy.

The object has been moved to S3 Glacier.

There is an error in the IAM role configuration.

S3 Versioning is enabled.

Question 4

A company is using AWS to run digital workloads. Each application team in the company has its own AWS account for application hosting. The accounts are consolidated in an organization in AWS Organizations.

The company wants to enforce security standards across the entire organization. To avoid noncompliance because of security misconfiguration, the company has enforced the use of AWS CloudFormation. A production support team can modify resources in the production environment by using the AWS Management Console to troubleshoot and resolve application-related issues.

A DevOps engineer must implement a solution to identify in near real time any AWS service misconfiguration that results in noncompliance. The solution must automatically remediate the issue within 15 minutes of identification. The solution also must track noncompliant resources and events in a centralized dashboard with accurate timestamps.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development overhead?

Options:

Use CloudFormation drift detection to identify noncompliant resources. Use drift detection events from CloudFormation to invoke an AWS Lambda function for remediation. Configure the Lambda function to publish logs to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard to use the log group for tracking.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail in the AWS accounts. Analyze CloudTrail logs by using Amazon Athena to identify noncompliant resources. Use AWS Step Functions to track query results on Athena for drift detection and to invoke an AWS Lambda function for remediation. For tracking, set up an Amazon QuickSight dashboard that uses Athena as the data source.

Turn on the configuration recorder in AWS Config in all the AWS accounts to identify noncompliant resources. Enable AWS Security Hub with the ~no-enable-default-standards option in all the AWS accounts. Set up AWS Config managed rules and custom rules. Set up automatic remediation by using AWS Config conformance packs. For tracking, set up a dashboard on Security Hub in a designated Security Hub administrator account.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail in the AWS accounts. Analyze CloudTrail logs by using Amazon CloudWatch Logs to identify noncompliant resources. Use CloudWatch Logs filters for drift detection. Use Amazon EventBridge to invoke the Lambda function for remediation. Stream filtered CloudWatch logs to Amazon OpenSearch Service. Set up a dashboard on OpenSearch Service for tracking.

Answer:

Explanation:

The best solution is to use AWS Config and AWS Security Hub to identify and remediate noncompliant resources across multiple AWS accounts. AWS Config enables continuous monitoring of the configuration of AWS resources and evaluates them against desired configurations. AWS Config can also automatically remediate noncompliant resources by using conformance packs, which are a collection of AWS Config rules and remediation actions that can be deployed as a single entity. AWS Security Hub provides a comprehensive view of the security posture of AWS accounts and resources. AWS Security Hub can aggregate and normalize the findings from AWS Config and other AWS services, as well as from partner solutions. AWS Security Hub can also be used to create a dashboard for tracking noncompliant resources and events in a centralized location.

The other options are not optimal because they either require more development overhead, do not provide near real time detection and remediation, or do not provide a centralized dashboard for tracking.

Option A is not optimal because CloudFormation drift detection is not a near real time solution. Drift detection has to be manually initiated on each stack or resource, or scheduled using a cron expression. Drift detection also does not provide remediation actions, so a custom Lambda function has to be developed and invoked. CloudWatch Logs and dashboard can be used for tracking, but they do not provide a comprehensive view of the security posture of the AWS accounts and resources.

Option B is not optimal because CloudTrail logs analysis using Athena is not a near real time solution. Athena queries have to be manually run or scheduled using a cron expression. Athena also does not provide remediation actions, so a custom Lambda function has to be developed and invoked. Step Functions can be used to orchestrate the query and remediation workflow, but it adds more complexity and cost. QuickSight dashboard can be used for tracking, but it does not provide a comprehensive view of the security posture of the AWS accounts and resources.

Option D is not optimal because CloudTrail logs analysis using CloudWatch Logs is not a near real time solution. CloudWatch Logs filters have to be manually created or updated for each resource type and configuration change. CloudWatch Logs also does not provide remediation actions, so a custom Lambda function has to be developed and invoked. EventBridge can be used to trigger the Lambda function, but it adds more complexity and cost. OpenSearch Service dashboard can be used for tracking, but it does not provide a comprehensive view of the security posture of the AWS accounts and resources.

AWS Config conformance packs

Introducing AWS Config conformance packs

Managing conformance packs across all accounts in your organization

Question 5

A company recently migrated its legacy application from on-premises to AWS. The application is hosted on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer which is behind Amazon API Gateway. The company wants to ensure users experience minimal disruptions during any deployment of a new version of the application. The company also wants to ensure it can quickly roll back updates if there is an issue.

Which solution will meet these requirements with MINIMAL changes to the application?

Options:

Introduce changes as a separate environment parallel to the existing one Configure API Gateway to use a canary release deployment to send a small subset of user traffic to the new environment.

Introduce changes as a separate environment parallel to the existing one Update the application's DNS alias records to point to the new environment.

Introduce changes as a separate target group behind the existing Application Load Balancer Configure API Gateway to route user traffic to the new target group in steps.

Introduce changes as a separate target group behind the existing Application Load Balancer Configure API Gateway to route all traffic to the Application Load Balancer which then sends the traffic to the new target group.

Question 6

A company uses Amazon EC2 as its primary compute platform. A DevOps team wants to audit the company's EC2 instances to check whether any prohibited applications have been installed on the EC2 instances.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

Configure AWS Systems Manager on each instance Use AWS Systems Manager Inventory Use Systems Manager resource data sync to synchronize and store findings in an Amazon S3 bucket Create an AWS Lambda function that runs when new objects are added to the S3 bucket. Configure the Lambda function to identify prohibited applications.

Configure AWS Systems Manager on each instance Use Systems Manager Inventory Create AWS Config rules that monitor changes from Systems Manager Inventory to identify prohibited applications.

Configure AWS Systems Manager on each instance. Use Systems Manager Inventory. Filter a trail in AWS CloudTrail for Systems Manager Inventory events to identify prohibited applications.

Designate Amazon CloudWatch Logs as the log destination for all application instances Run an automated script across all instances to create an inventory of installed applications Configure the script to forward the results to CloudWatch Logs Create a CloudWatch alarm that uses filter patterns to search log data to identify prohibited applications.

Answer:

Explanation:

 Configure AWS Systems Manager on Each Instance:

AWS Systems Manager provides a unified interface for managing AWS resources. Install the Systems Manager agent on each EC2 instance to enable inventory management and other features.

 Use AWS Systems Manager Inventory:

Systems Manager Inventory collects metadata about your instances and the software installed on them. This data includes information about applications, network configurations, and more.

Enable Systems Manager Inventory on all EC2 instances to gather detailed information about installed applications.

 Use Systems Manager Resource Data Sync to Synchronize and Store Findings in an Amazon S3 Bucket:

Resource Data Sync aggregates inventory data from multiple accounts and regions into a single S3 bucket, making it easier to query and analyze the data.

Configure Resource Data Sync to automatically transfer inventory data to an S3 bucket for centralized storage.

 Create an AWS Lambda Function that Runs When New Objects are Added to the S3 Bucket:

Use an S3 event to trigger a Lambda function whenever new inventory data is added to the S3 bucket.

The Lambda function can parse the inventory data and check for the presence of prohibited applications.

 Configure the Lambda Function to Identify Prohibited Applications:

The Lambda function should be programmed to scan the inventory data for any known prohibited applications and generate alerts or take appropriate actions if such applications are found.

Example Lambda function in Python

import json

import boto3

def lambda_handler(event, context):

s3 = boto3.client('s3')

bucket = event['Records'][0]['s3']['bucket']['name']

key = event['Records'][0]['s3']['object']['key']

response = s3.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)

inventory_data = json.loads(response['Body'].read().decode('utf-8'))

prohibited_apps = ['app1', 'app2']

for instance in inventory_data['Instances']:

for app in instance['Applications']:

if app['Name'] in prohibited_apps:

# Send notification or take action

print(f"Prohibited application found: {app['Name']} on instance {instance['InstanceId']}")

return {'statusCode': 200, 'body': json.dumps('Check completed')}

By leveraging AWS Systems Manager Inventory, Resource Data Sync, and Lambda, this solution provides an efficient and automated way to audit EC2 instances for prohibited applications.

[References:, AWS Systems Manager Inventory, AWS Systems Manager Resource Data Sync, S3 Event Notifications, AWS Lambda, , , ]

Question 7

A DevOps engineer has automated a web service deployment by using AWS CodePipeline with the following steps:

1) An AWS CodeBuild project compiles the deployment artifact and runs unit tests.

2) An AWS CodeDeploy deployment group deploys the web service to Amazon EC2 instances in the staging environment.

3) A CodeDeploy deployment group deploys the web service to EC2 instances in the production environment.

The quality assurance (QA) team requests permission to inspect the build artifact before the deployment to the production environment occurs. The QA team wants to run an internal penetration testing tool to conduct manual tests. The tool will be invoked by a REST API call.

Which combination of actions should the DevOps engineer take to fulfill this request? (Choose two.)

Options:

Insert a manual approval action between the test actions and deployment actions of the pipeline.

Modify the buildspec.yml file for the compilation stage to require manual approval before completion.

Update the CodeDeploy deployment groups so that they require manual approval to proceed.

Update the pipeline to directly call the REST API for the penetration testing tool.

Update the pipeline to invoke an AWS Lambda function that calls the REST API for the penetration testing tool.

Question 8

A company is adopting AWS CodeDeploy to automate its application deployments for a Java-Apache Tomcat application with an Apache Webserver. The development team started with a proof of concept, created a deployment group for a developer environment, and performed functional tests within the application. After completion, the team will create additional deployment groups for staging and production.

The current log level is configured within the Apache settings, but the team wants to change this configuration dynamically when the deployment occurs, so that they can set different log level configurations depending on the deployment group without having a different application revision for each group.

How can these requirements be met with the LEAST management overhead and without requiring different script versions for each deployment group?

Options:

Tag the Amazon EC2 instances depending on the deployment group. Then place a script into the application revision that calls the metadata service and the EC2 API to identify which deployment group the instance is part of. Use this information to configure the log level settings. Reference the script as part of the AfterInstall lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

Create a script that uses the CodeDeploy environment variable DEPLOYMENT_GROUP_ NAME to identify which deployment group the instance is part of. Use this information to configure the log level settings. Reference this script as part of the BeforeInstall lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

Create a CodeDeploy custom environment variable for each environment. Then place a script into the application revision that checks this environment variable to identify which deployment group the instance is part of. Use this information to configure the log level settings. Reference this script as part of the ValidateService lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

Create a script that uses the CodeDeploy environment variable DEPLOYMENT_GROUP_ID to identify which deployment group the instance is part of to configure the log level settings. Reference this script as part of the Install lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

Question 9

A company runs a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in a VPC. The company's employees remotely access the EC2 instances by using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The company wants to collect metrics about how many RDP sessions the employees initiate every day. Which combination of steps will meet this requirement? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EC2 Instance State-change Notification events.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Specify the log group as a target for the EventBridge rule.

Create a flow log in VPC Flow Logs.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Specify the log group as a destination for the flow log.

Create a log group metric filter.

Create a log group subscription filter. Use EventBridge as the destination.

Question 10

A company's application teams use AWS CodeCommit repositories for their applications. The application teams have repositories in multiple AWS

accounts. All accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations.

Each application team uses AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) configured with an external IdP to assume a developer IAM role. The developer role allows the application teams to use Git to work with the code in the repositories.

A security audit reveals that the application teams can modify the main branch in any repository. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that

allows the application teams to modify the main branch of only the repositories that they manage.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Update the SAML assertion to pass the user's team name. Update the IAM role's trust policy to add an access-team session tag that has the team name.

Create an approval rule template for each team in the Organizations management account. Associate the template with all the repositories. Add the developer role ARN as an approver.

Create an approval rule template for each account. Associate the template with all repositories. Add the "aws:ResourceTag/access-team":"$ ;{aws:PrincipaITag/access-team}" condition to the approval rule template.

For each CodeCommit repository, add an access-team tag that has the value set to the name of the associated team.

Attach an SCP to the accounts. Include the following statement:

A computer code with text AI-generated content may be incorrect.

Create an IAM permissions boundary in each account. Include the following statement:

A computer code with black text AI-generated content may be incorrect.

Answer:

A, D, F

Explanation:

Short Explanation: To meet the requirements, the DevOps engineer should update the SAML assertion to pass the user’s team name, update the IAM role’s trust policy to add an access-team session tag that has the team name, create an IAM permissions boundary in each account, and for each CodeCommit repository, add an access-team tag that has the value set to the name of the associated team.

Updating the SAML assertion to pass the user’s team name allows the DevOps engineer to use IAM tags to identify which team a user belongs to. This can help enforce fine-grained access control based on the user’s team membership1.

Updating the IAM role’s trust policy to add an access-team session tag that has the team name allows the DevOps engineer to use IAM condition keys to restrict access based on the session tag value2. For example, the DevOps engineer can use the aws:PrincipalTag condition key to match the access-team tag of the user with the access-team tag of the repository3.

Creating an IAM permissions boundary in each account allows the DevOps engineer to set the maximum permissions that an identity-based policy can grant to an IAM entity. An entity’s permissions boundary allows it to perform only the actions that are allowed by both its identity-based policies and its permissions boundaries4. For example, the DevOps engineer can use a permissions boundary policy to limit the actions that a user can perform on CodeCommit repositories based on their access-team tag5.

For each CodeCommit repository, adding an access-team tag that has the value set to the name of the associated team allows the DevOps engineer to use resource tags to identify which team manages a repository. This can help enforce fine-grained access control based on the resource tag value6.

The other options are incorrect because:

Creating an approval rule template for each team in the Organizations management account is not a valid option, as approval rule templates are not supported by AWS Organizations. Approval rule templates are specific to CodeCommit and can only be associated with one or more repositories in the same AWS Region where they are created7.

Creating an approval rule template for each account is not a valid option, as approval rule templates are not designed to restrict access to modify branches. Approval rule templates are designed to require approvals from specified users or groups before merging pull requests8.

Attaching an SCP to the accounts is not a valid option, as SCPs are not designed to restrict access based on tags. SCPs are designed to restrict access based on service actions and resources across all users and roles in an organization’s account9.

Question 11

A company is implementing AWS CodePipeline to automate its testing process The company wants to be notified when the execution state fails and used the following custom event pattern in Amazon EventBridge:

Which type of events will match this event pattern?

Options:

Failed deploy and build actions across all the pipelines

All rejected or failed approval actions across all the pipelines

All the events across all pipelines

Approval actions across all the pipelines

Question 12

A company recently deployed its web application on AWS. The company is preparing for a large-scale sales event and must ensure that the web application can scale to meet the demand

The application's frontend infrastructure includes an Amazon CloudFront distribution that has an Amazon S3 bucket as an origin. The backend infrastructure includes an Amazon API Gateway API. several AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon Aurora DB cluster

The company's DevOps engineer conducts a load test and identifies that the Lambda functions can fulfill the peak number of requests However, the DevOps engineer notices request latency during the initial burst of requests Most of the requests to the Lambda functions produce queries to the database A large portion of the invocation time is used to establish database connections

Which combination of steps will provide the application with the required scalability? (Select TWO)

Options:

Configure a higher reserved concurrency for the Lambda functions.

Configure a higher provisioned concurrency for the Lambda functions

Convert the DB cluster to an Aurora global database Add additional Aurora Replicas in AWS Regions based on the locations of the company's customers.

Refactor the Lambda Functions Move the code blocks that initialize database connections into the function handlers.

Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy for the Aurora database Update the Lambda functions to use the proxy endpoints for database connections.

Question 13

A company's organization in AWS Organizations has a single OU. The company runs Amazon EC2 instances in the OU accounts. The company needs to limit the use of each EC2 instance's credentials to the specific EC2 instance that the credential is assigned to. A DevOps engineer must configure security for the EC2 instances.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an SCP that specifies the VPC CIDR block. Configure the SCP to check whether the value of the aws:VpcSourcelp condition key is in the specified block. In the same SCP check, check whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourcePrivatelPv4 and aws:SourceVpc condition keys are the same. Deny access if either condition is false. Apply the SCP to the OU.

Create an SCP that checks whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourceVPC and aws:SourceVpc condition keys are the same. Deny access if the values are not the same. In the same SCP check, check whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourcePrivatelPv4 and awsVpcSourcelp condition keys are the same. Deny access if the values are not the same. Apply the SCP to the OU.

Create an SCP that includes a list of acceptable VPC values and checks whether the value of the aws:SourceVpc condition key is in the list. In the same SCP check, define a list of acceptable IP address values and check whether the value of the aws:VpcSourcelp condition key is in the list. Deny access if either condition is false. Apply the SCP to each account in the organization.

Create an SCP that checks whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourceVPC and aws:VpcSourcelp condition keys are the same. Deny access if the values are not the same. In the same SCP check, check whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourcePrivatolPv4 and aws:SourceVpc condition keys are the same. Deny access if the values are not the same. Apply the SCP to each account in the organization.

Question 14

A company sends its AWS Network Firewall flow logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company then analyzes the flow logs by using Amazon Athena. The company needs to transform the flow logs and add additional data before the flow logs are delivered to the existing S3 bucket. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function to transform the data and to write a new object to the existing S3 bucket. Configure the Lambda function with an S3 trigger for the existing S3 bucket. Specify all object create events for the event type. Acknowledge the recursive invocation.

Enable Amazon EventBridge notifications on the existing S3 bucket. Create a custom EventBridge event bus. Create an EventBridge rule that is associated with the custom event bus. Configure the rule to react to all object create events for the existing S3 bucket and to invoke an AWS Step Functions workflow. Configure a Step Functions task to transform the data and to write the data into a new S3 bucket.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that is associated with the default EventBridge event bus. Configure the rule to react to all object create events for the existing S3 bucket. Define a new S3 bucket as the target for the rule. Create an EventBridge input transformation to customize the event before passing the event to the rule target.

Create an Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream that is configured with an AWS Lambda transformer. Specify the existing S3 bucket as the destination. Change the Network Firewall logging destination from Amazon S3 to Firehose.

Question 15

A company is hosting a static website from an Amazon S3 bucket. The website is available to customers at example.com. The company uses an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy with a TTL of 1 day. The company has decided to replace the existing static website with a dynamic web application. The dynamic web application uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances.

On the day of production launch to customers, the company creates an additional Route 53 weighted DNS record entry that points to the ALB with a weight of 255 and a TTL of 1 hour. Two days later, a DevOps engineer notices that the previous static website is displayed sometimes when customers navigate to example.com.

How can the DevOps engineer ensure that the company serves only dynamic content for example.com?

Options:

Delete all objects, including previous versions, from the S3 bucket that contains the static website content.

Update the weighted DNS record entry that points to the S3 bucket. Apply a weight of 0. Specify the domain reset option to propagate changes immediately.

Configure webpage redirect requests on the S3 bucket with a hostname that redirects to the ALB.

Remove the weighted DNS record entry that points to the S3 bucket from the example.com hosted zone. Wait for DNS propagation to become complete.

Question 16

A DevOps engineer manages a large commercial website that runs on Amazon EC2. The website uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to collect and process web togs. The DevOps engineer manages the Kinesis consumer application, which also runs on Amazon EC2.

Sudden increases of data cause the Kinesis consumer application to (all behind and the Kinesis data streams drop records before the records can be processed. The DevOps engineer must implement a solution to improve stream handling.

Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

Modify the Kinesis consumer application to store the logs durably in Amazon S3 Use Amazon EMR to process the data directly on Amazon S3 to derive customer insights Store the results in Amazon S3.

Horizontally scale the Kinesis consumer application by adding more EC2 instances based on the Amazon CloudWatch GetRecords IteratorAgeMilliseconds metric Increase the retention period of the Kinesis data streams.

Convert the Kinesis consumer application to run as an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Kinesis data streams as the event source for the Lambda function to process the data streams

Increase the number of shards in the Kinesis data streams to increase the overall throughput so that the consumer application processes the data faster.

Question 17

A DevOps engineer is using AWS CodeDeploy across a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in an EC2 Auto Scaling group. The associated CodeDeploy deployment group, which is integrated with EC2 Auto Scaling, is configured to perform in-place deployments with codeDeployDefault.oneAtATime During an ongoing new deployment, the engineer discovers that, although the overall deployment finished successfully, two out of five instances have the previous application revision deployed. The other three instances have the newest application revision

What is likely causing this issue?

Options:

The two affected instances failed to fetch the new deployment.

A failed Afterinstall lifecycle event hook caused the CodeDeploy agent to roll back to the previous version on the affected instances

The CodeDeploy agent was not installed in two affected instances.

EC2 Auto Scaling launched two new instances while the new deployment had not yet finished, causing the previous version to be deployed on the affected instances.

Question 18

A DevOps engineer updates an AWS CloudFormation stack to add a nested stack that includes several Amazon EC2 instances. When the DevOps engineer attempts to deploy the updated stack, the nested stack fails to deploy. What should the DevOps engineer do to determine the cause of the failure?

Options:

Use the CloudFormation detect root cause capability for the failed stack to analyze the failure and return the event that is the most likely cause for the failure.

Query failed stacks by specifying the root stack as the ParentId property. Examine the StackStatusReason property for all returned stacks to determine the reason the nested stack failed to deploy.

Activate AWS Systems Manager for the AWS account where the application runs. Use the AWS Systems Manager Automation AWSSupport-TroubleshootCFNCustomResource runbook to determine the reason the nested stack failed to deploy.

Configure the CloudFormation template to publish logs to Amazon CloudWatch. View the CloudFormation logs for the failed stack in the CloudWatch console to determine the reason the nested stack failed to deploy.

Question 19

A company has a mission-critical application on AWS that uses automatic scaling The company wants the deployment lilecycle to meet the following parameters.

• The application must be deployed one instance at a time to ensure the remaining fleet continues to serve traffic

• The application is CPU intensive and must be closely monitored

• The deployment must automatically roll back if the CPU utilization of the deployment instance exceeds 85%.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS CloudFormalion to create an AWS Step Functions state machine and Auto Scaling hfecycle hooks to move to one instance at a time into a wait state Use AWS Systems Manager automation to deploy the update to each instance and move it back into the Auto Scaling group using the heartbeat timeout

Use AWS CodeDeploy with Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. Configure an alarm tied to the CPU utilization metric. Use the CodeDeployDefault OneAtAtime configuration as a deployment strategy Configure automatic rollbacks within the deployment group to roll back the deployment if the alarm thresholds are breached

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk for load balancing and AWS Auto Scaling Configure an alarm tied to the CPU utilization metric Configure rolling deployments with a fixed batch size of one instance Enable enhanced health to monitor the status of the deployment and roll back based on the alarm previously created.

Use AWS Systems Manager to perform a blue/green deployment with Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling Configure an alarm tied to the CPU utilization metric Deploy updates one at a time Configure automatic rollbacks within the Auto Scaling group to roll back the deployment if the alarm thresholds are breached

Question 20

A company recently migrated its application to an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster that uses Amazon EC2 instances. The company configured the application to automatically scale based on CPU utilization.

The application produces memory errors when it experiences heavy loads. The application also does not scale out enough to handle the increased load. The company needs to collect and analyze memory metrics for the application over time.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Attach the Cloud WatchAgentServer Pol icy managed 1AM policy to the 1AM instance profile that the cluster uses.

Attach the Cloud WatchAgentServer Pol icy managed 1AM policy to a service account role for the cluster.

Collect performance metrics by deploying the unified Amazon CloudWatch agent to the existing EC2 instances in the cluster. Add the agent to the AMI for any new EC2 instances that are added to the cluster.

Collect performance logs by deploying the AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry collector as a DaemonSet.

Analyze the pod_memory_utilization Amazon CloudWatch metric in the Containerlnsights namespace by using the Service dimension.

Analyze the node_memory_utilization Amazon CloudWatch metric in the Containerlnsights namespace by using the ClusterName dimension.

Answer:

A, C, E

Explanation:

 Step 1: Attaching the CloudWatchAgentServerPolicy to the IAM Role

The CloudWatch agent needs permissions to collect and send metrics, including memory metrics, to Amazon CloudWatch. You can attach the CloudWatchAgentServerPolicy managed IAM policy to the IAM instance profile or service account role to grant these permissions.

Action: Attach the CloudWatchAgentServerPolicy managed IAM policy to the IAM instance profile that the EKS cluster uses.

Why: This ensures the CloudWatch agent has the necessary permissions to collect memory metrics.

[Reference: AWS documentation on CloudWatch Agent Permissions., This corresponds to Option A: Attach the CloudWatchAgentServerPolicy managed IAM policy to the IAM instance profile that the cluster uses.,  Step 2: Deploying the CloudWatch Agent to EC2 InstancesTo collect memory metrics from the EC2 instances running in the EKS cluster, the CloudWatch agent needs to be deployed on these instances. The agent collects system-level metrics, including memory usage., Action: Deploy the unified Amazon CloudWatch agent to the existing EC2 instances in the EKS cluster. Update the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) for future instances to include the CloudWatch agent., Why: The CloudWatch agent allows you to collect detailed memory metrics from the EC2 instances, which is not enabled by default., Reference: AWS documentation on Installing and Configuring the CloudWatch Agent., This corresponds to Option C: Collect performance metrics by deploying the unified Amazon CloudWatch agent to the existing EC2 instances in the cluster. Add the agent to the AMI for any new EC2 instances that are added to the cluster.,  Step 3: Analyzing Memory Metrics Using Container InsightsAfter collecting the memory metrics, you can analyze them using the pod_memory_utilization metric in Amazon CloudWatch Container Insights. This metric provides visibility into the memory usage of the containers (pods) in the EKS cluster., Action: Analyze the pod_memory_utilization CloudWatch metric in the Container Insights namespace by using the Service dimension., Why: This provides detailed insights into memory usage at the container level, which helps diagnose memory-related issues., Reference: AWS documentation on CloudWatch Container Insights., This corresponds to Option E: Analyze the pod_memory_utilization Amazon CloudWatch metric in the Container Insights namespace by using the Service dimension., , , ]

Question 21

A development team is using AWS CodeCommit to version control application code and AWS CodePipeline to orchestrate software deployments. The team has decided to use a remote main branch as the trigger for the pipeline to integrate code changes. A developer has pushed code changes to the CodeCommit repository, but noticed that the pipeline had no reaction, even after 10 minutes.

Which of the following actions should be taken to troubleshoot this issue?

Options:

Check that an Amazon EventBridge rule has been created for the main branch to trigger the pipeline.

Check that the CodePipeline service role has permission to access the CodeCommit repository.

Check that the developer’s IAM role has permission to push to the CodeCommit repository.

Check to see if the pipeline failed to start because of CodeCommit errors in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Question 22

A company needs to implement failover for its application. The application includes an Amazon CloudFront distribution and a public Application Load Balancer (ALB) in an AWS Region. The company has configured the ALB as the default origin for the distribution.

After some recent application outages, the company wants a zero-second RTO. The company deploys the application to a secondary Region in a warm standby configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired R TO.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin. Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both CloudFront distributions. Update the application to use the new record set.

Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB. Create a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. Update the default behavior to use the origin group.

Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs. Set the TTL of both records to O. Update the distribution's origin to use the new record set.

Create a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes. Configure the function to return a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB if the function detects 5xx status codes. Update the distribution's default behavior to send origin responses to the function.

Answer:

Explanation:

To implement failover for the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired RTO, the DevOps engineer should use the following solution:

Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB. A CloudFront origin is the source of the content that CloudFront delivers to viewers. By creating a new origin for the secondary ALB, the DevOps engineer can configure CloudFront to route traffic to the secondary Region when the primary Region is unavailable1

Create a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. An origin group is a logical grouping of two origins: a primary origin and a secondary origin. By creating an origin group, the DevOps engineer can specify which origin CloudFront should use as a fallback when the primary origin fails. The DevOps engineer can also define which HTTP status codes should trigger a failover from the primary origin to the secondary origin. By setting the original ALB as the primary origin and configuring the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes, the DevOps engineer can ensure that CloudFront will switch to the secondary ALB when the primary ALB returns server errors2

Update the default behavior to use the origin group. A behavior is a set of rules that CloudFront applies when it receives requests for specific URLs or file types. The default behavior applies to all requests that do not match any other behaviors. By updating the default behavior to use the origin group, the DevOps engineer can enable failover routing for all requests that are sent to the distribution3

This solution will meet the requirements because it will automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region with zero-second RTO. When CloudFront receives an HTTP GET request, it will first try to route it to the primary ALB in the primary Region. If the primary ALB is healthy and returns a successful response, CloudFront will deliver it to the viewer. If the primary ALB is unhealthy or returns an HTTP 5xx status code, CloudFront will automatically route the request to the secondary ALB in the secondary Region and deliver its response to the viewer.

The other options are not correct because they either do not provide zero-second RTO or do not work as expected. Creating a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin and creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy is not a good option because it will introduce additional latency and complexity to the solution. Route 53 health checks and DNS propagation can take several minutes or longer, which means that viewers might experience delays or errors when accessing the application during a failover event. Creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs and setting the TTL of both records to O is not a valid option because it will not work with CloudFront distributions. Route 53 does not support health checks for alias records that point to CloudFront distributions, so it cannot detect if an ALB behind a distribution is healthy or not. Creating a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes and returns a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB is not a valid option because it will not provide zero-second RTO. A 307 Temporary Redirect error response tells viewers to retry their requests with a different URL, which means that viewers will have to make an additional request and wait for another response from CloudFront before reaching the secondary ALB.

1: Adding, Editing, and Deleting Origins - Amazon CloudFront

2: Configuring Origin Failover - Amazon CloudFront

3: Creating or Updating a Cache Behavior - Amazon CloudFront

Question 23

A company has multiple development groups working in a single shared AWS account. The Senior Manager of the groups wants to be alerted via a third-party API call when the creation of resources approaches the service limits for the account.

Which solution will accomplish this with the LEAST amount of development effort?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Event rule that runs periodically and targets an AWS Lambda function. Within the Lambda function, evaluate the current state of the AWS environment and compare deployed resource values to resource limits on the account. Notify the Senior Manager if the account is approaching a service limit.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function that refreshes AWS Trusted Advisor checks, and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to run the Lambda function periodically. Create another CloudWatch Events rule with an event pattern matching Trusted Advisor events and a target Lambda function. In the target Lambda function, notify the Senior Manager.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function that refreshes AWS Personal Health Dashboard checks, and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to run the Lambda function periodically. Create another CloudWatch Events rule with an event pattern matching Personal Health Dashboard events and a target Lambda function. In the target Lambda function, notify the Senior Manager.

Add an AWS Config custom rule that runs periodically, checks the AWS service limit status, and streams notifications to an Amazon SNS topic. Deploy an AWS Lambda function that notifies the Senior Manager, and subscribe the Lambda function to the SNS topic.

Question 24

A company uses AWS Secrets Manager to store a set of sensitive API keys that an AWS Lambda function uses. When the Lambda function is invoked, the Lambda function retrieves the API keys and makes an API call to an external service. The Secrets Manager secret is encrypted with the default AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key.

A DevOps engineer needs to update the infrastructure to ensure that only the Lambda function's execution role can access the values in Secrets Manager. The solution must apply the principle of least privilege.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Update the default KMS key for Secrets Manager to allow only the Lambda function's execution role to decrypt.

Create a KMS customer managed key that trusts Secrets Manager and allows the Lambda function's execution role to decrypt. Update Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key.

Create a KMS customer managed key that trusts Secrets Manager and allows the account's :root principal to decrypt. Update Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key.

Ensure that the Lambda function's execution role has the KMS permissions scoped on the resource level. Configure the permissions so that the KMS key can encrypt the Secrets Manager secret.

Remove all KMS permissions from the Lambda function's execution role.

Answer:

B, D

Explanation:

The requirement is to update the infrastructure to ensure that only the Lambda function’s execution role can access the values in Secrets Manager. The solution must apply the principle of least privilege, which means granting the minimum permissions necessary to perform a task.

To do this, the DevOps engineer needs to use the following steps:

Create a KMS customer managed key that trusts Secrets Manager and allows the Lambda function’s execution role to decrypt. A customer managed key is a symmetric encryption key that is fully managed by the customer. The customer can define the key policy, which specifies who can use and manage the key. By creating a customer managed key, the DevOps engineer can restrict the decryption permission to only the Lambda function’s execution role, and prevent other principals from accessing the secret values. The customer managed key also needs to trust Secrets Manager, which means allowing Secrets Manager to use the key to encrypt and decrypt secrets on behalf of the customer.

Update Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key. Secrets Manager allows customers to choose which KMS key to use for encrypting each secret. By default, Secrets Manager uses the default KMS key for Secrets Manager, which is a service-managed key that is shared by all customers in the same AWS Region. By updating Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key, the DevOps engineer can ensure that only the Lambda function’s execution role can decrypt the secret values using that key.

Ensure that the Lambda function’s execution role has the KMS permissions scoped on the resource level. The Lambda function’s execution role is an IAM role that grants permissions to the Lambda function to access AWS services and resources. The role needs to have KMS permissions to use the customer managed key for decryption. However, to apply the principle of least privilege, the role should have the permissions scoped on the resource level, which means specifying the ARN of the customer managed key as a condition in the IAM policy statement. This way, the role can only use that specific key and not any other KMS keys in the account.

Question 25

A company recently launched multiple applications that use Application Load Balancers. Application response time often slows down when the applications experience problems A DevOps engineer needs to Implement a monitoring solution that alerts the company when the applications begin to perform slowly The DevOps engineer creates an Amazon Simple Notification Semce (Amazon SNS) topic and subscribe the company's email address to the topic

What should the DevOps engineer do next to meet the requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to query the applications on a 5-minute interval Configure the Lambda function to publish a notification to the SNS topic when the applications return errors.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Synthetics canary that runs a custom script to query the applications on a 5-minute interval. Configure the canary to use the SNS topic when the applications return errors.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that uses the AWS/AppljcabonELB namespace RequestCountPerTarget metric Configure the CloudWatch alarm to send a notification when the number of connections becomes greater than the configured number of threads that the application supports Configure the CloudWatch alarm to use the SNS topic.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that uses the AWS/ApplicationELB namespace RequestCountPerTarget metric Configure the CloudWatch alarm to send a notification when the average response time becomes greater than the longest response time that the application supports Configure the CloudWatch alarm to use the SNS topic

Answer:

Explanation:

Option A is incorrect because creating an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to query the applications on a 5-minute interval is not a valid solution. EventBridge rules can only trigger Lambda functions based on events, not on time intervals. Moreover, querying the applications on a 5-minute interval might incur unnecessary costs and network overhead, and might not detect performance issues in real time.

Option B is correct because creating an Amazon CloudWatch Synthetics canary that runs a custom script to query the applications on a 5-minute interval is a valid solution. CloudWatch Synthetics canaries are configurable scripts that monitor endpoints and APIs by simulating customer behavior. Canaries can run as often as once per minute, and can measure the latency and availability of the applications. Canaries can also send notifications to an Amazon SNS topic when they detect errors or performance issues1.

Option C is incorrect because creating an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that uses the AWS/ApplicationELB namespace RequestCountPerTarget metric is not a valid solution. The RequestCountPerTarget metric measures the number of requests completed or connections made per target in a target group2. This metric does not reflect the application response time, which is the requirement. Moreover, configuring the CloudWatch alarm to send a notification when the number of connections becomes greater than the configured number of threads that the application supports is not a valid way to measure the application performance, as it depends on the application design and implementation.

Option D is incorrect because creating an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that uses the AWS/ApplicationELB namespace RequestCountPerTarget metric is not a valid solution, for the same reason as option C. The RequestCountPerTarget metric does not reflect the application response time, which is the requirement. Moreover, configuring the CloudWatch alarm to send a notification when the average response time becomes greater than the longest response time that the application supports is not a valid way to measure the application performance, as it does not account for variability or outliers in the response time distribution.

[References:, 1: Using synthetic monitoring, 2: Application Load Balancer metrics, , , ]

Question 26

A company has many AWS accounts. During AWS account creation the company uses automation to create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group in every AWS Region that the company operates in. The automaton configures new resources in the accounts to publish logs to the provisioned log groups in their Region.

The company has created a logging account to centralize the logging from all the other accounts. A DevOps engineer needs to aggregate the log groups from all the accounts to an existing Amazon S3 bucket in the logging account.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?

Options:

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the. Destination Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream and a single Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destination to the S3 bucket.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy for each Region. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination. Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream and a single Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to deliver the logs from all the CloudWatch Logs destinations to the S3 bucket.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy for each Region. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination Configure an Amazon Kinesis data stream and an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream for each Region to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destinations to the S3 bucket.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination. Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destination to the S3 bucket.

Question 27

A company has configured Amazon RDS storage autoscaling for its RDS DB instances. A DevOps team needs to visualize the autoscaling events on an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard. Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to RDS storage autoscaling events from RDS events. Create an AWS Lambda function that publishes a CloudWatch custom metric. Configure the EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function. Visualize the custom metric by using the CloudWatch dashboard.

Create a trail by using AWS CloudTrail with management events configured. Configure the trail to send the management events to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Create a metric filter in CloudWatch Logs to match the RDS storage autoscaling events. Visualize the metric filter by using the CloudWatch dashboard.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to RDS storage autoscaling events (rom the RDS events. Create a CloudWatch alarm. Configure the EventBridge rule to change the status of the CloudWatch alarm. Visualize the alarm status by using the CloudWatch dashboard.

Create a trail by using AWS CloudTrail with data events configured. Configure the trail to send the data events to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Create a metric filter in CloudWatch Logs to match the RDS storage autoscaling events. Visualize the metric filter by using the CloudWatch dashboard.

Question 28

A company plans to use Amazon CloudWatch to monitor its Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs to stop EC2 instances when the average of the NetworkPacketsIn metric is less than 5 for at least 3 hours in a 12-hour time window. The company must evaluate the metric every hour. The EC2 instances must continue to run if there is missing data for the NetworkPacketsIn metric during the evaluation period.

A DevOps engineer creates a CloudWatch alarm for the NetworkPacketsIn metric. The DevOps engineer configures a threshold value of 5 and an evaluation period of 1 hour.

Which set of additional actions should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 3 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as breaching the threshold. Add an AWS Systems Manager action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 3 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as not breaching the threshold. Add an EC2 action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 9 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as breaching the threshold. Add an EC2 action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 9 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as not breaching the threshold. Add an AWS Systems Manager action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

Question 29

A company has a single developer writing code for an automated deployment pipeline. The developer is storing source code in an Amazon S3 bucket for each project. The company wants to add more developers to the team but is concerned about code conflicts and lost work The company also wants to build a test environment to deploy newer versions of code for testing and allow developers to automatically deploy to both environments when code is changed in the repository.

What is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository tor each project, use the mam branch for production code: and create a testing branch for code deployed to testing Use feature branches to develop new features and pull requests to merge code to testing and main branches.

Create another S3 bucket for each project for testing code, and use an AWS Lambda function to promote code changes between testing and production buckets Enable versioning on all buckets to prevent code conflicts.

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository for each project, and use the main branch for production and test code with different deployment pipelines for each environment Use feature branches to develop new features.

Enable versioning and branching on each S3 bucket, use the main branch for production code, and create a testing branch for code deployed to testing. Have developers use each branch for developing in each environment.

Question 30

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization includes workload accounts that contain enterprise applications. The company centrally manages users from an operations account. No users can be created in the workload accounts. The company recently added an operations team and must provide the operations team members with administrator access to each workload account.

Which combination of actions will provide this access? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a SysAdmin role in the operations account. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the role. Modify the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action from the workload accounts.

Create a SysAdmin role in each workload account. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the role. Modify the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action from the operations account.

Create an Amazon Cognito identity pool in the operations account. Attach the SysAdmin role as an authenticated role.

In the operations account, create an IAM user for each operations team member.

In the operations account, create an IAM user group that is named SysAdmins. Add an IAM policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole action for the SysAdmin role in each workload account. Add all operations team members to the group.

Create an Amazon Cognito user pool in the operations account. Create an Amazon Cognito user for each operations team member.

Question 31

A DevOps engineer needs to implement integration tests into an existing AWS CodePipelme CI/CD workflow for an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) service. The CI/CD workflow retrieves new application code from an AWS CodeCommit repository and builds a container image. The CI/CD workflow then uploads the container image to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) with a new image tag version.

The integration tests must ensure that new versions of the service endpoint are reachable and that vanous API methods return successful response data The DevOps engineer has already created an ECS cluster to test the service

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST management overhead? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Add a deploy stage to the pipeline Configure Amazon ECS as the action provider

Add a deploy stage to the pipeline Configure AWS CodeDeploy as the action provider

Add an appspec.yml file to the CodeCommit repository

Update the image build pipeline stage to output an imagedefinitions json file that references the new image tag.

Create an AWS Lambda function that runs connectivity checks and API calls against the service. Integrate the Lambda function with CodePipeline by using aLambda action stage

Write a script that runs integration tests against the service. Upload the script to an Amazon S3 bucket. Integrate the script in the S3 bucket with CodePipeline by using an S3 action stage.

Answer:

A, D, E

Explanation:

 Add a Deploy Stage to the Pipeline, Configure Amazon ECS as the Action Provider:

By adding a deploy stage to the pipeline and configuring Amazon ECS as the action provider, the pipeline can automatically deploy the new container image to the ECS cluster.

This ensures that the service is updated with the new image tag, making the new version of the service endpoint reachable.

[Reference: AWS CodePipeline with ECS,  Update the Image Build Pipeline Stage to Output an imagedefinitions.json File that References the New Image Tag:, The imagedefinitions.json file provides the necessary information about the container images and their tags for the ECS task definitions., Updating the pipeline to output this file ensures that the correct image version is deployed., Example imagedefinitions.json, , [, {, "name": "container-name",, "imageUri": "123456789012.dkr.ecr.region.amazonaws.com/my-repo:my-tag", }, ], , ,  Reference: CodePipeline ECS Deployment,  Create an AWS Lambda Function that Runs Connectivity Checks and API Calls against the Service. Integrate the Lambda Function with CodePipeline by Using a Lambda Action Stage:, The Lambda function can perform the necessary integration tests by making connectivity checks and API calls to the deployed service endpoint., Integrating this Lambda function into CodePipeline ensures that these tests are run automatically after deployment, providing near-real-time feedback on the new deployment’s health., , Example Lambda function integration:, actions:, - name: TestService, actionTypeId:, category: Test, owner: AWS, provider: Lambda, version: 1, runOrder: 2, configuration:, FunctionName: testServiceFunction, , Reference: Integrating Lambda with CodePipeline, These steps ensure that the CI/CD workflow deploys the new container image to ECS, updates the image references, and performs integration tests, meeting the requirements with minimal management overhead., , , , ]

Question 32

A company has developed a serverless web application that is hosted on AWS. The application consists of Amazon S3. Amazon API Gateway, several AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The company is using AWS CodeCommit to store the source code. The source code is a combination of AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) templates and Python code.

A security audit and penetration test reveal that user names and passwords for authentication to the database are hardcoded within CodeCommit repositories. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution to automatically detect and prevent hardcoded secrets.

What is the MOST secure solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

Enable Amazon CodeGuru Profiler. Decorate the handler function with @with_lambda_profiler(). Manually review the recommendation report. Write the secret to AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store as a secure string. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from Parameter Store.

Associate the CodeCommit repository with Amazon CodeGuru Reviewer. Manually check the code review for any recommendations. Choose the option to protect the secret. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from AWS Secrets Manager.

Enable Amazon CodeGuru Profiler. Decorate the handler function with @with_lambda_profiler(). Manually review the recommendation report. Choose the option to protect the secret. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from AWS Secrets Manager.

Associate the CodeCommit repository with Amazon CodeGuru Reviewer. Manually check the code review for any recommendations. Write the secret to AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store as a string. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from Parameter Store.

Question 33

A company has a new AWS account that teams will use to deploy various applications. The teams will create many Amazon S3 buckets for application- specific purposes and to store AWS CloudTrail logs. The company has enabled Amazon Macie for the account.

A DevOps engineer needs to optimize the Macie costs for the account without compromising the account's functionality.

Which solutions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Exclude S3 buckets that contain CloudTrail logs from automated discovery.

Exclude S3 buckets that have public read access from automated discovery.

Configure scheduled daily discovery jobs for all S3 buckets in the account.

Configure discovery jobs to include S3 objects based on the last modified criterion.

Configure discovery jobs to include S3 objects that are tagged as production only.

Question 34

A DevOps engineer is setting up a container-based architecture. The engineer has decided to use AWS CloudFormation to automatically provision an Amazon ECS cluster and an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to launch the EC2 container instances. After successfully creating the CloudFormation stack, the engineer noticed that, even though the ECS cluster and the EC2 instances were created successfully and the stack finished the creation, the EC2 instances were associating with a different cluster.

How should the DevOps engineer update the CloudFormation template to resolve this issue?

Options:

Reference the EC2 instances in the AWS: ECS: Cluster resource and reference the ECS cluster in the AWS: ECS: Service resource.

Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS: AutoScaling: LaunchConfiguration resource of the UserData property.

Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS:EC2: lnstance resource of the UserData property.

Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS: CloudFormation: CustomResource resource to trigger an AWS Lambda function that registers the EC2 instances with the appropriate ECS cluster.

Question 35

A company uses Amazon S3 to store proprietary information. The development team creates buckets for new projects on a daily basis. The security team wants to ensure that all existing and future buckets have encryption logging and versioning enabled. Additionally, no buckets should ever be publicly read or write accessible.

What should a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Enable AWS CloudTrail and configure automatic remediation using AWS Lambda.

Enable AWS Conflg rules and configure automatic remediation using AWS Systems Manager documents.

Enable AWS Trusted Advisor and configure automatic remediation using Amazon EventBridge.

Enable AWS Systems Manager and configure automatic remediation using Systems Manager documents.

Question 36

A DevOps engineer has implemented a Cl/CO pipeline to deploy an AWS Cloud Format ion template that provisions a web application. The web application consists of an Application Load Balancer (ALB) a target group, a launch template that uses an Amazon Linux 2 AMI an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances, a security group and an Amazon RDS for MySQL database The launch template includes user data that specifies a script to install and start the application.

The initial deployment of the application was successful. The DevOps engineer made changes to update the version of the application with the user data. The CI/CD pipeline has deployed a new version of the template However, the health checks on the ALB are now failing The health checks have marked all targets as unhealthy.

During investigation the DevOps engineer notices that the Cloud Formation stack has a status of UPDATE_COMPLETE. However, when the DevOps engineer connects to one of the EC2 instances and checks /varar/log messages, the DevOps engineer notices that the Apache web server failed to start successfully because of a configuration error

How can the DevOps engineer ensure that the CloudFormation deployment will fail if the user data fails to successfully finish running?

Options:

Use the cfn-signal helper script to signal success or failure to CloudFormation Use the WaitOnResourceSignals update policy within the CloudFormation template Set an appropriate timeout for the update policy.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for the UnhealthyHostCount metric. Include an appropriate alarm threshold for the target group Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic as the target to signal success or failure to CloudFormation

Create a lifecycle hook on the Auto Scaling group by using the AWS AutoScaling LifecycleHook resource Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic as the target to signal success or failure to CloudFormation Set an appropriate timeout on the lifecycle hook.

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to stream the cloud-init logs Create a subscription filter that includes an AWS Lambda function with an appropriate invocation timeout Configure the Lambda function to use the SignalResource API operation to signal success or failure to CloudFormation.

Question 37

A company has an application and a CI/CD pipeline. The CI/CD pipeline consists of an AWS CodePipeline pipeline and an AWS CodeBuild project. The CodeBuild project runs tests against the application as part of the build process and outputs a test report. The company must keep the test reports for 90 days.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Add a new stage in the CodePipeline pipeline after the stage that contains the CodeBuild project. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to store the reports. Configure an S3 deploy action type in the new CodePipeline stage with the appropriate path and format for the reports.

Add a report group in the CodeBuild project buildspec file with the appropriate path and format for the reports. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to store the reports. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to copy the reports to the S3 bucket when a build is completed. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to expire the objects after 90 days.

Add a new stage in the CodePipeline pipeline. Configure a test action type with the appropriate path and format for the reports. Configure the report expiration time to be 90 days in the CodeBuild project buildspec file.

Add a report group in the CodeBuild project buildspec file with the appropriate path and format for the reports. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to store the reports. Configure the report group as an artifact in the CodeBuild project buildspec file. Configure the S3 bucket as the artifact destination. Set the object expiration to 90 days.

Question 38

A DevOps engineer is deploying a new version of a company's application in an AWS CodeDeploy deployment group associated with its Amazon EC2 instances. After some time, the deployment fails. The engineer realizes that all the events associated with the specific deployment ID are in a Skipped status and code was not deployed in the instances associated with the deployment group.

What are valid reasons for this failure? (Select TWO.).

Options:

The networking configuration does not allow the EC2 instances to reach the internet via a NAT gateway or internet gateway and the CodeDeploy endpoint cannot be reached.

The IAM user who triggered the application deployment does not have permission to interact with the CodeDeploy endpoint.

The target EC2 instances were not properly registered with the CodeDeploy endpoint.

An instance profile with proper permissions was not attached to the target EC2 instances.

The appspec. yml file was not included in the application revision.

Question 39

A company has an AWS Cloud Format ion slack that is deployed in a single AWS account. The company has configured the stack to send event notifications to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

A DevOps engineer must implement an automated solution that applies a tag to the specific Cloud Formation stack instance only after a successful stack update occurs. The DevOps engineer has created an AWS Lambda function that applies and updates this tag (or the specific slack instance.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Run the AWS-UpdateCloudfomationStack AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook when Systems Manager detects an UPDATE_COMPLETE event for the instance status of the Cloud Formation stack. Configure the runbook to invoke the Lambda function.

Create a custom AWS Config rule that produces a compliance change event if the CloudFormation stack has an UPDATE_COMPLETE instance status. Configure AWS Config to directly invoke the Lambda function to automatically remediate the change event.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that matches the UPDATE COMPLETE event pattern for the instance status of the CloudFormation stack. Configure the rule to invoke the Lambda function.

Adjust the configuration of the CloudFormation stack to send notifications for only an UPDATE COMPLETE instance status event to the SNS topic. Subscribe the Lambda function to the SNS topic.

Question 40

A company's security policies require the use of security hardened AMIS in production environments. A DevOps engineer has used EC2 Image Builder to create a pipeline that builds the AMIs on a recurring schedule.

The DevOps engineer needs to update the launch templates of the companys Auto Scaling groups. The Auto Scaling groups must use the newest AMIS during the launch of Amazon EC2 instances.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule to receive new AMI events from Image Builder. Target an AWS Systems Manager Run Command document that updates the launch templates of the Auto Scaling groups with the newest AMI ID.

Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule to receive new AMI events from Image Builder. Target an AWS Lambda function that updates the launch templates of the Auto Scaling groups with the newest AMI ID.

Configure the launch template to use a value from AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store for the AMI ID. Configure the Image Builder pipeline to update the Parameter Store value with the newest AMI ID.

Configure the Image Builder distribution settings to update the launch templates with the newest AMI ID. Configure the Auto Scaling groups to use the newest version of the launch template.

Question 41

A company is developing code and wants to use semantic versioning. The company's DevOps team needs to create a pipeline for compiling the code. The team also needs to manage versions of the compiled code. If the code uses any open source libraries, the libraries must also be cached in the build process. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS CodeArtifact repository and associate the upstream repositories. Create an AWS CodeBuild project that builds the semantic version of the code artifacts. Configure the project to authenticate and connect to the CodeArtifact repository and publish the artifact to the repository.

Use AWS CodeDeploy to upload the generated semantic version of the artifact to an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system.

Use an AWS CodeBuild project to build the code and to publish the generated semantic version of the artifact to AWS Artifact. Configure build caching in the CodeBuild project.

Create a new AWS CodeArtifact repository. Create an AWS Lambda function that pulls open source packages from the internet and publishes the packages to the repository. Configure AWS CodeDeploy to build semantic versions of the code and publish the versions to the repository.

Question 42

A DevOps engineer used an AWS Cloud Formation custom resource to set up AD Connector. The AWS Lambda function ran and created AD Connector, but Cloud Formation is not transitioning from CREATE_IN_PROGRESS to CREATE_COMPLETE.

Which action should the engineer take to resolve this issue?

Options:

Ensure the Lambda function code has exited successfully.

Ensure the Lambda function code returns a response to the pre-signed URL.

Ensure the Lambda function IAM role has cloudformation UpdateStack permissions for the stack ARN.

Ensure the Lambda function IAM role has ds ConnectDirectory permissions for the AWS account.

Question 43

A development team manually builds an artifact locally and then places it in an Amazon S3 bucket. The application has a local cache that must be cleared when a deployment occurs. The team runs a command to do this downloads the artifact from Amazon S3 and unzips the artifact to complete the deployment.

A DevOps team wants to migrate to a CI/CD process and build in checks to stop and roll back the deployment when a failure occurs. This requires the team to track the progression of the deployment.

Which combination of actions will accomplish this? (Select THREE)

Options:

Allow developers to check the code into a code repository Using Amazon EventBridge on every pull into the mam branch invoke an AWS Lambda function to build the artifact and store it in Amazon S3.

Create a custom script to clear the cache Specify the script in the Beforelnstall lifecycle hook in the AppSpec file.

Create user data for each Amazon EC2 instance that contains the clear cache script Once deployed test the application If it is not successful deploy it again.

Set up AWS CodePipeline to deploy the application Allow developers to check the code into a code repository as a source tor the pipeline.

Use AWS CodeBuild to build the artifact and place it in Amazon S3 Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the artifact to Amazon EC2 instances.

Use AWS Systems Manager to fetch the artifact from Amazon S3 and deploy it to all the instances.

Question 44

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The company recently acquired another company that has standalone AWS accounts. The acquiring company's DevOps team needs to consolidate the administration of the AWS accounts for both companies and retain full administrative control of the accounts. The DevOps team also needs to collect and group findings across all the accounts to implement and maintain a security posture.

Which combination of steps should the DevOps team take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Invite the acquired company's AWS accounts to join the organization. Create an SCP that has full administrative privileges. Attach the SCP to the management account.

Invite the acquired company's AWS accounts to join the organization. Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRole 1AM role in the invited accounts. Grant permission to the management account to assume the role.

Use AWS Security Hub to collect and group findings across all accounts. Use Security Hub to automatically detect new accounts as the accounts are added to the organization.

Use AWS Firewall Manager to collect and group findings across all accounts. Enable all features for the organization. Designate an account in the organization as the delegated administrator account for Firewall Manager.

Use Amazon Inspector to collect and group findings across all accounts. Designate an account in the organization as the delegated administrator account for Amazon Inspector.

Question 45

A company hired a penetration tester to simulate an internal security breach The tester performed port scans on the company's Amazon EC2 instances. The company's security measures did not detect the port scans.

The company needs a solution that automatically provides notification when port scans are performed on EC2 instances. The company creates and subscribes to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

What should the company do next to meet the requirement?

Options:

Ensure that Amazon GuardDuty is enabled Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for detected EC2 and port scan findings. Connect the alarm to the SNS topic.

Ensure that Amazon Inspector is enabled Create an Amazon EventBridge event for detected network reachability findings that indicate port scans Connect the event to the SNS topic.

Ensure that Amazon Inspector is enabled. Create an Amazon EventBridge event for detected CVEs that cause open port vulnerabilities. Connect the event to the SNS topic

Ensure that AWS CloudTrail is enabled Create an AWS Lambda function to analyze the CloudTrail logs for unusual amounts of traffic from an IP address range Connect the Lambda function to the SNS topic.

Question 46

A company runs an application with an Amazon EC2 and on-premises configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to standardize patching across both environments. Company policy dictates that patching only happens during non-business hours.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Add the physical machines into AWS Systems Manager using Systems Manager Hybrid Activations.

Attach an IAM role to the EC2 instances, allowing them to be managed by AWS Systems Manager.

Create IAM access keys for the on-premises machines to interact with AWS Systems Manager.

Run an AWS Systems Manager Automation document to patch the systems every hour.

Use Amazon EventBridge scheduled events to schedule a patch window.

Use AWS Systems Manager Maintenance Windows to schedule a patch window.

Question 47

A company wants to decrease the time it takes to develop new features. The company uses AWS CodeBuild and AWS CodeDeploy to build and deploy its applications. The company uses AWS CodePipeline to deploy each microservice with its own CI/CD pipeline. The company needs more visibility into the average time between the release of new features and the average time to recover after a failed deployment. Which solution will provide this visibility with the LEAST configuration effort?

Options:

Program an AWS Lambda function that creates Amazon CloudWatch custom metrics with information about successful runs and failed runs for each pipeline. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function every 5 minutes. Use the metrics to build a CloudWatch dashboard.

Program an AWS Lambda function that creates Amazon CloudWatch custom metrics with information about successful runs and failed runs for each pipeline. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function after every successful run and after every failed run. Use the metrics to build a CloudWatch dashboard.

Program an AWS Lambda function that writes information about successful runs and failed runs to Amazon DynamoDB. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function after every successful run and after every failed run. Build an Amazon QuickSight dashboard to show the information from DynamoDB.

Program an AWS Lambda function that writes information about successful runs and failed runs to Amazon DynamoDB. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function every 5 minutes. Build an Amazon QuickSight dashboard to show the information from DynamoDB.

Question 48

A company has an AWS Control Tower landing zone. The company's DevOps team creates a workload OU. A development OU and a production OU are nested under the workload OU. The company grants users full access to the company's AWS accounts to deploy applications.

The DevOps team needs to allow only a specific management 1AM role to manage the 1AM roles and policies of any AWS accounts In only the production OU.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? {Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an SCP that denies full access with a condition to exclude the management 1AM role for the organization root.

Ensure that the FullAWSAccess SCP is applied at the organization root

Create an SCP that allows IAM related actions Attach the SCP to the development OU

Create an SCP that denies IAM related actions with a condition to exclude the management I AM role Attach the SCP to the workload OU

Create an SCP that denies IAM related actions with a condition to exclude the management 1AM role Attach the SCP to the production OU

Question 49

A company has multiple member accounts that are part of an organization in AWS Organizations. The security team needs to review every Amazon EC2 security group and their inbound and outbound rules. The security team wants to programmatically retrieve this information from the member accounts using an AWS Lambda function in the management account of the organization.

Which combination of access changes will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a trust relationship that allows users in the member accounts to assume the management account IAM role.

Create a trust relationship that allows users in the management account to assume the IAM roles of the member accounts.

Create an IAM role in each member account that has access to the AmazonEC2ReadOnlyAccess managed policy.

Create an I AM role in each member account to allow the sts:AssumeRole action against the management account IAM role's ARN.

Create an I AM role in the management account that allows the sts:AssumeRole action against the member account IAM role's ARN.

Create an IAM role in the management account that has access to the AmazonEC2ReadOnlyAccess managed policy.

Question 50

A company has deployed a new platform that runs on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). The new platform hosts web applications that users frequently update. The application developers build the Docker images for the applications and deploy the Docker images manually to the platform.

The platform usage has increased to more than 500 users every day. Frequent updates, building the updated Docker images for the applications, and deploying the Docker images on the platform manually have all become difficult to manage.

The company needs to receive an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification if Docker image scanning returns any HIGH or CRITICAL findings for operating system or programming language package vulnerabilities.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository to store the Dockerfile and Kubernetes deployment files. Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. Use an Amazon S3 event to invoke the pipeline when a newer version of the Dockerfile is committed. Add a stop to the pipeline to initiate the AWS CodeBuild project.

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository to store the Dockerfile and Kubernetes deployment files. Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. Use an Amazon EvenlBridge event to invoke the pipeline when a newer version of the Dockerfile is committed. Add a step to the pipeline to initiate the AWS CodeBuild project.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project that builds the Docker images and stores the Docker images in an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository. Turn on basic scanning for the ECR repository. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that monitors Amazon GuardDuty events. Configure the EventBridge rule to send an event to an SNS topic when the finding-severity-counts parameter is more than 0 at a CRITICAL or HIGH level.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project that builds the Docker images and stores the Docker images in an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository. Turn on enhanced scanning for the ECR repository. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that monitors ECR image scan events. Configure the EventBridge rule to send an event to an SNS topic when the finding-severity-counts parameter is more than 0 at a CRITICAL or HIGH level.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project that scans the Dockerfile. Configure the project to build the Docker images and store the Docker images in an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository if the scan is successful. Configure an SNS topic to provide notification if the scan returns any vulnerabilities.

Answer:

B, D

Explanation:

 Step 1: Automate Docker Image Deployment using AWS CodePipeline

The first challenge is the manual process of building and deploying Docker images. To address this, you can use AWS CodePipeline to automate the process. AWS CodePipeline integrates with CodeCommit (for source code and Dockerfile storage) and CodeBuild (to build Docker images and store them in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR)).

Action: Create an AWS CodeCommit repository to store the Dockerfile and Kubernetes deployment files. Then, create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline that triggers on new commits via an Amazon EventBridge event.

Why: This automation significantly reduces the manual effort of building and deploying Docker images when updates are made to the codebase.

[Reference: AWS documentation on AWS CodePipeline and CodeCommit Integration., This corresponds to Option B: Create an AWS CodeCommit repository to store the Dockerfile and Kubernetes deployment files. Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. Use an Amazon EventBridge event to invoke the pipeline when a newer version of the Dockerfile is committed. Add a step to the pipeline to initiate the AWS CodeBuild project.,  Step 2: Enabling Enhanced Scanning on Amazon ECR and Monitoring VulnerabilitiesTo scan for vulnerabilities in Docker images, Amazon ECR provides both basic and enhanced scanning options. Enhanced scanning offers deeper and more frequent scans, and integrates with Amazon EventBridge to send notifications based on findings., Action: Turn on enhanced scanning for the Amazon ECR repository where the Docker images are stored. Use Amazon EventBridge to monitor image scan events and trigger an Amazon SNS notification if any HIGH or CRITICAL vulnerabilities are found., Why: Enhanced scanning provides a detailed analysis of operating system and programming language package vulnerabilities, which can trigger notifications in real-time., Reference: AWS documentation on Enhanced Scanning for Amazon ECR., This corresponds to Option D: Create an AWS CodeBuild project that builds the Docker images and stores the Docker images in an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository. Turn on enhanced scanning for the ECR repository. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that monitors ECR image scan events. Configure the EventBridge rule to send an event to an SNS topic when the finding-severity-counts parameter is more than 0 at a CRITICAL or HIGH level., , , , ]

Question 51

A company is testing a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The company uses a blue green deployment process with immutable instances when deploying new software.

During testing users are being automatically logged out of the application at random times. Testers also report that when a new version of the application is deployed all users are logged out. The development team needs a solution to ensure users remain logged m across scaling events and application deployments.

What is the MOST operationally efficient way to ensure users remain logged in?

Options:

Enable smart sessions on the load balancer and modify the application to check tor an existing session.

Enable session sharing on the toad balancer and modify the application to read from the session store.

Store user session information in an Amazon S3 bucket and modify the application to read session information from the bucket.

Modify the application to store user session information in an Amazon ElastiCache cluster.

Question 52

A company's application uses a fleet of Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances to analyze and process data. The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The Auto Scaling group is a target group for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application analyzes critical data that cannot tolerate interruption. The application also analyzes noncritical data that can withstand interruption.

The critical data analysis requires quick scalability in response to real-time application demand. The noncritical data analysis involves memory consumption. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that reduces scale-out latency for the critical data. The solution also must process the noncritical data.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

For the critical data, modify the existing Auto Scaling group. Create a warm pool instance in the stopped state. Define the warm pool size. Create a new version of the launch template that has detailed monitoring enabled. use Spot Instances.

For the critical data. modify the existing Auto Scaling group. Create a lifecycle hook to ensure that bootstrap scripts are completed successfully. Ensure that the application on the instances is ready to accept traffic before the instances are registered. Create a new version of the launch template that has detailed monitoring enabled.

For the noncritical data, create a second Auto Scaling group that uses a launch template. Configure the launch template to install the unified Amazon CloudWatch agent and to configure the CloudWatch agent with a custom memory utilization metric. Use Spot Instances. Add the new Auto Scaling group as the target group for the ALB. Modify the application to use two target groups for critical data and noncritical data.

For the noncritical data, create a second Auto Scaling group. Choose the predefined memory utilization metric type for the target tracking scaling policy. Use Spot Instances. Add the new Auto Scaling group as the target group for the ALB. Modify the application to use two target groups for critical data and noncritical data.

Question 53

A company has multiple accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company's SecOps team needs to receive an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification if any account in the organization turns off the Block Public Access feature on an Amazon S3 bucket. A DevOps engineer must implement this change without affecting the operation of any AWS accounts. The implementation must ensure that individual member accounts in the organization cannot turn off the notification.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Designate an account to be the delegated Amazon GuardDuty administrator account. Turn on GuardDuty for all accounts across the organization. In the GuardDuty administrator account, create an SNS topic. Subscribe the SecOps team's email address to the SNS topic. In the same account, create an Amazon EventBridge rule that uses an event pattern for GuardDuty findings and a target of the SNS topic.

Create an AWS CloudFormation template that creates an SNS topic and subscribes the SecOps team’s email address to the SNS topic. In the template, include an Amazon EventBridge rule that uses an event pattern of CloudTrail activity for s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock and a target of the SNS topic. Deploy the stack to every account in the organization by using CloudFormation StackSets.

Turn on AWS Config across the organization. In the delegated administrator account, create an SNS topic. Subscribe the SecOps team's email address to the SNS topic. Deploy a conformance pack that uses the s3-bucket-level-public-access-prohibited AWS Config managed rule in each account and uses an AWS Systems Manager document to publish an event to the SNS topic to notify the SecOps team.

Turn on Amazon Inspector across the organization. In the Amazon Inspector delegated administrator account, create an SNS topic. Subscribe the SecOps team’s email address to the SNS topic. In the same account, create an Amazon EventBridge rule that uses an event pattern for public network exposure of the S3 bucket and publishes an event to the SNS topic to notify the SecOps team.

Question 54

A DevOps engineer is building a multistage pipeline with AWS CodePipeline to build, verify, stage, test, and deploy an application. A manual approval stage is required between the test stage and the deploy stage. The development team uses a custom chat tool with webhook support that requires near-real-time notifications.

How should the DevOps engineer configure status updates for pipeline activity and approval requests to post to the chat tool?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription that filters on CodePipeline Pipeline Execution State Change. Publish subscription events to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the chat webhook URL to the SNS topic, and complete the subscription validation.

Create an AWS Lambda function that is invoked by AWS CloudTrail events. When a CodePipeline Pipeline Execution State Change event is detected, send the event details to the chat webhook URL.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that filters on CodePipeline Pipeline Execution State Change. Publish the events to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Create an AWS Lambda function that sends event details to the chat webhook URL. Subscribe the function to the SNS topic.

Modify the pipeline code to send the event details to the chat webhook URL at the end of each stage. Parameterize the URL so that each pipeline can send to a different URL based on the pipeline environment.

Question 55

A company uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL global database that has two secondary AWS Regions. A DevOps engineer has configured the database parameter group to guarantee an RPO of 60 seconds. Write operations on the primary cluster are occasionally blocked because of the RPO setting.

The DevOps engineer needs to reduce the frequency of blocked write operations.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Add an additional secondary cluster to the global database.

Enable write forwarding for the global database.

Remove one of the secondary clusters from the global database.

Configure synchronous replication for the global database.

Question 56

A DevOps engineer successfully creates an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster that includes managed node groups. When the DevOps engineer tries to add node groups to the cluster, the cluster returns an error that states, "NodeCreationFailure: Instances failed to join the Kubernetes cluster." The DevOps engineer confirms that the EC2 worker nodes are running and that the EKS cluster is in an active state. How should the DevOps engineer troubleshoot this issue?

Options:

Ensure that the EKS cluster's VPC subnets do not overlap with the 172.17.0.0/16 CIDR range.

Use kubectl to update the kubeconfig file to use the credentials that created the cluster.

Run the AWSSupport-TroubleshootEKSWorkerNode runbook.

Create an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) OpenID Connect (OIDC) provider for the cluster.

Question 57

A company is migrating its on-premises Windows applications and Linux applications to AWS. The company will use automation to launch Amazon EC2 instances to mirror the on-premises configurations. The migrated applications require access to shared storage that uses SMB for Windows and NFS for Linux.

The company is also creating a pilot light disaster recovery (DR) environment in another AWS Region. The company will use automation to launch and configure the EC2 instances in the DR Region. The company needs to replicate the storage to the DR Region.

Which storage solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use Amazon S3 for the application storage. Create an S3 bucket in the primary Region and an S3 bucket in the DR Region. Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) from the primary Region to the DR Region.

Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for the application storage. Create a backup plan in AWS Backup that creates snapshots of the EBS volumes that are in the primary Region and replicates the snapshots to the DR Region.

Use a Volume Gateway in AWS Storage Gateway for the application storage. Configure Cross-Region Replication (CRR) of the Volume Gateway from the primary Region to the DR Region.

Use Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP for the application storage. Create an FSx for ONTAP instance in the DR Region. Configure NetApp SnapMirror replication from the primary Region to the DR Region.

Answer:

Explanation:

To meet the requirements of migrating its on-premises Windows and Linux applications to AWS and creating a pilot light DR environment in another AWS Region, the company should use Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP for the application storage. Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP is a fully managed service that provides highly reliable, scalable, high-performing, and feature-rich file storage built on NetApp’s popular ONTAP file system. FSx for ONTAP supports multiple protocols, including SMB for Windows and NFS for Linux, so the company can access the shared storage from both types of applications. FSx for ONTAP also supports NetApp SnapMirror replication, which enables the company to replicate the storage to the DR Region. NetApp SnapMirror replication is efficient, secure, and incremental, and it preserves the data deduplication and compression benefits of FSx for ONTAP. The company can use automation to launch and configure the EC2 instances in the DR Region and then use NetApp SnapMirror to restore the data from the primary Region.

The other options are not correct because they do not meet the requirements or follow best practices. Using Amazon S3 for the application storage is not a good option because S3 is an object storage service that does not support SMB or NFS protocols natively. The company would need to use additional services or software to mount S3 buckets as file systems, which would add complexity and cost. Using Amazon EBS for the application storage is also not a good option because EBS is a block storage service that does not support SMB or NFS protocols natively. The company would need to set up and manage file servers on EC2 instances to provide shared access to the EBS volumes, which would add overhead and maintenance. Using a Volume Gateway in AWS Storage Gateway for the application storage is not a valid option because Volume Gateway does not support SMB protocol. Volume Gateway only supports iSCSI protocol, which means that only Linux applications can access the shared storage.

1: What is Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP? - FSx for ONTAP

2: Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP

3: Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP | NetApp

4: AWS Announces General Availability of Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP

Replicating Data with NetApp SnapMirror - FSx for ONTAP

What Is Amazon S3? - Amazon Simple Storage Service

What Is Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)? - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

What Is AWS Storage Gateway? - AWS Storage Gateway

Question 58

A company's production environment uses an AWS CodeDeploy blue/green deployment to deploy an application. The deployment incudes Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups that launch instances that run Amazon Linux 2.

A working appspec. ymi file exists in the code repository and contains the following text.

A DevOps engineer needs to ensure that a script downloads and installs a license file onto the instances before the replacement instances start to handle request traffic. The DevOps engineer adds a hooks section to the appspec. yml file.

Which hook should the DevOps engineer use to run the script that downloads and installs the license file?

Options:

AfterBlockTraffic

BeforeBlockTraffic

Beforelnstall

Down load Bundle

Question 59

A company has an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that is configured with an Amazon S3 bucket in the eu-west-1 Region. The pipeline deploys an AWS Lambda application to the same Region. The pipeline consists of an AWS CodeBuild project build action and an AWS CloudFormation deploy action.

The CodeBuild project uses the aws cloudformation package AWS CLI command to build an artifact that contains the Lambda function code’s .zip file and the CloudFormation template. The CloudFormation deploy action references the CloudFormation template from the output artifact of the CodeBuild project’s build action.

The company wants to also deploy the Lambda application to the us-east-1 Region by using the pipeline in eu-west-1. A DevOps engineer has already updated the CodeBuild project to use the aws cloudformation package command to produce an additional output artifact for us-east-1.

Which combination of additional steps should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

Modify the CloudFormation template to include a parameter for the Lambda function code’s zip file location. Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to pass in the us-east-1 artifact location as a parameter override.

Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to use the CloudFormation template from the us-east-1 output artifact.

Create an S3 bucket in us-east-1. Configure the S3 bucket policy to allow CodePipeline to have read and write access.

Create an S3 bucket in us-east-1. Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) from the S3 bucket in eu-west-1 to the S3 bucket in us-east-1.

Modify the pipeline to include the S3 bucket for us-east-1 as an artifact store. Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to use the CloudFormation template from the us-east-1 output artifact.

Question 60

A DevOps engineer is building a continuous deployment pipeline for a serverless application that uses AWS Lambda functions. The company wants to reduce the customer impact of an unsuccessful deployment. The company also wants to monitor for issues.

Which deploy stage configuration will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template to define the serverless application. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the Lambda functions with the Canary10Percent15Minutes Deployment Preference Type. Use Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor the health of the functions.

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Set up an AWS CodePipeline approval action for a developer to verify and approve the AWS CloudFormation change set.

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new version on every stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Use the RoutingConfig property of the AWS::Lambda::Alias resource to update the traffic routing during the stack update.

Use AWS CodeBuild to add sample event payloads for testing to the Lambda functions. Publish a new version of the functions, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms. Update the production alias to point to the new version. Configure rollbacks to occur when an alarm is in the ALARM state.

Question 61

An ecommerce company is receiving reports that its order history page is experiencing delays in reflecting the processing status of orders. The order processing system consists of an AWS Lambda function that uses reserved concurrency. The Lambda function processes order messages from an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue and inserts processed orders into an Amazon DynamoDB table. The DynamoDB table has auto scaling enabled for read and write capacity.

Which actions should a DevOps engineer take to resolve this delay? (Choose two.)

Options:

Check the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage metric for the SQS queue. Increase the Lambda function concurrency limit.

Check the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage metnc for the SQS queue Configure a redrive policy on the SQS queue.

Check the NumberOfMessagesSent metric for the SQS queue. Increase the SQS queue visibility timeout.

Check the WriteThrottleEvents metric for the DynamoDB table. Increase the maximum write capacity units (WCUs) for the table's scaling policy.

Check the Throttles metric for the Lambda function. Increase the Lambda function timeout.

Question 62

A company has a guideline that every Amazon EC2 instance must be launched from an AMI that the company's security team produces. Every month, the security team sends an email message with the latest approved AMIs to all the development teams. The development teams use AWS CloudFormation to deploy their applications. When developers launch a new service, they have to search their email for the latest AMIs that the security department sent. A DevOps engineer wants to automate the process that the security team uses to provide the AMI IDs to the development teams. What is the MOST scalable solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

Direct the security team to use CloudFormation to create new versions of the AMIs and to list the AMI ARNs in an encrypted Amazon S3 object as part of the stack's Outputs section. Instruct the developers to use a cross-stack reference to load the encrypted S3 object and obtain the most recent AMI ARNs.

Direct the security team to use a CloudFormation stack to create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that builds new AMIs and places the latest AMI ARNs in an encrypted Amazon S3 object as part of the pipeline output. Instruct the developers to use a cross-stack reference within their own CloudFormation template to obtain the S3 object location and the most recent AMI ARNs.

Direct the security team to use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create new AMIs and to place the AMI ARNs as parameters in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Instruct the developers to specify a parameter of type SSM in their CloudFormation stack to obtain the most recent AMI ARNs from Parameter Store.

Direct the security team to use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create new AMIs and to create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic so that every development team can receive notifications. When the development teams receive a notification, instruct them to write an AWS Lambda function that will update their CloudFormation stack with the most recent AMI ARNs.

Question 63

A DevOps engineer wants to find a solution to migrate an application from on premises to AWS The application is running on Linux and needs to run on specific versions of Apache Tomcat HAProxy and Varnish Cache to function properly. The application's operating system-level parameters require tuning The solution must include a way to automate the deployment of new application versions. The infrastructure should be scalable and faulty servers should be replaced automatically.

Which solution should the DevOps engineer use?

Options:

Upload the application as a Docker image that contains all the necessary software to Amazon ECR Create an Amazon ECS cluster using an AWS Fargate launch type and an Auto Scaling group. Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses Amazon ECR as a source and Amazon ECS as a deployment provider

Upload the application code to an AWS CodeCommit repository with a saved configuration file to configure and install the software Create an AWS Elastic Beanstalk web server tier and a load balanced-type environment that uses the Tomcat solution stack Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source and Elastic Beanstalk as a deployment provider

Upload the application code to an AWS CodeCommit repository with a set of ebextensions files to configure and install the software. Create an AWS Elastic Beanstalk worker tier environment that uses the Tomcat solution stack Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source and Elastic Beanstalk as a deployment provider

Upload the application code to an AWS CodeCommit repository with an appspec.yml file to configure and install the necessary software. Create an AWS CodeDeploy deployment group associated with an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source and CodeDeploy as a deployment provider

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. The scenario requires a solution that can migrate an application from on premises to AWS, run on specific versions of Apache Tomcat, HAProxy, and Varnish Cache, tune the operating system-level parameters, automate the deployment of new application versions, and scale and replace faulty servers automatically. Option D meets all these requirements by using AWS CodeCommit, AWS CodeDeploy, AWS CodePipeline, and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. AWS CodeCommit is a fully managed source control service that hosts Git repositories and works with Git-based tools. AWS CodeDeploy is a fully managed deployment service that automates software deployments to a variety of compute services, including Amazon EC2, AWS Fargate, AWS Lambda, and on-premises servers. AWS CodePipeline is a fully managed continuous delivery service that helps automate the release pipelines for fast and reliable application updates. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling helps maintain application availability and allows scaling of Amazon EC2 capacity up or down automatically according to the defined conditions. By using these services together, the DevOps engineer can migrate the application code to AWS, configure and install the necessary software using the appspec.yml file, automate the deployment process using the pipeline, and scale and replace the servers using the Auto Scaling group.

Option A is incorrect because AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers that works with Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS. Fargate removes the need to provision and manage servers, but it also limits the ability to tune the operating system-level parameters, which is a requirement in the scenario. Moreover, Fargate does not support HAProxy and Varnish Cache as sidecar containers, which are needed to run the application properly.

Option B is incorrect because AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a fully managed service that automates the deployment and scaling of web applications and services using familiar servers such as Apache, Nginx, Passenger, and IIS. However, Elastic Beanstalk does not support HAProxy and Varnish Cache as part of the Tomcat solution stack, which are needed to run the application properly. Moreover, Elastic Beanstalk web server tier environments are designed to serve HTTP requests, not to process background tasks, which is the purpose of worker tier environments.

Option C is incorrect because AWS Elastic Beanstalk worker tier environments are designed to process background tasks using a daemon process that runs on each Amazon EC2 instance in the environment. Worker tier environments are not suitable for running web applications that serve HTTP requests, which is the case in the scenario. Moreover, Elastic Beanstalk does not support HAProxy and Varnish Cache as part of the Tomcat solution stack, which are needed to run the application properly.

AWS CodeCommit

AWS CodeDeploy

AWS CodePipeline

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

AWS Fargate

AWS Elastic Beanstalk

Question 64

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The accounts are in an OU that has a policy attached to allow all actions. The company is migrating several Git repositories to a specified AWS CodeConnections supported Git provider. The Git repositories manage AWS CloudFormation stacks for application infrastructure that the company deploys across multiple AWS Regions. The company wants a DevOps team to integrate CodeConnections into the CloudFormation stacks. The DevOps team must ensure that company staff members can integrate only with the specified Git provider. The deployment process must be highly available across Regions. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Add a new SCP statement to the OU that denies the CodeConnections CreatingConnections action where the provider type is not the specified Git provider.

Add a new SCP statement to the OU that allows the CodeConnections CreatingConnections action where the provider type is the specified Git provider.

Use CodeConnections to configure a single CodeConnections connection to each Git repository.

Use CodeConnections to create a CodeConnections connection from each Region where the company operates to each Git repository.

Use CodeConnections to create a CodeConnections repository link. Update each CloudFormation stack to sync from the Git repository.

For each Git repository, create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline that has the Git repository set as the source and a CloudFormation deployment stage.

Question 65

The security team depends on AWS CloudTrail to detect sensitive security issues in the company's AWS account. The DevOps engineer needs a solution to auto-remediate CloudTrail being turned off in an AWS account.

What solution ensures the LEAST amount of downtime for the CloudTrail log deliveries?

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the CloudTrail StopLogging event. Create an AWS Lambda (unction that uses the AWS SDK to call StartLogging on the ARN of the resource in which StopLogging was called. Add the Lambda function ARN as a target to the EventBridge rule.

Deploy the AWS-managed CloudTrail-enabled AWS Config rule set with a periodic interval to 1 hour. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule tor AWS Config rules compliance change. Create an AWS Lambda function that uses the AWS SDK to call StartLogging on the ARN of the resource in which StopLoggmg was called. Add the Lambda function ARN as a target to the EventBridge rule.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for a scheduled event every 5 minutes. Create an AWS Lambda function that uses the AWS SDK to call StartLogging on a CloudTrail trail in the AWS account. Add the Lambda function ARN as a target to the EventBridge rule.

Launch a t2 nano instance with a script running every 5 minutes that uses the AWS SDK to query CloudTrail in the current account. If the CloudTrail trail is disabled have the script re-enable the trail.

Question 66

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. A DevOps engineer must ensure that all users who access the AWS Management Console are authenticated through the company's corporate identity provider (IdP).

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Use Amazon GuardDuty with a delegated administrator account. Use GuardDuty to enforce denial of 1AM user logins

Use AWS 1AM Identity Center to configure identity federation with SAML 2.0.

Create a permissions boundary in AWS 1AM Identity Center to deny password logins for 1AM users.

Create 1AM groups in the Organizations management account to apply consistent permissions for all 1AM users.

Create an SCP in Organizations to deny password creation for 1AM users.

Question 67

A company manages multiple AWS accounts in AWS Organizations. The company's security policy states that AWS account root user credentials for member accounts must not be used. The company monitors access to the root user credentials.

A recent alert shows that the root user in a member account launched an Amazon EC2 instance. A DevOps engineer must create an SCP at the organization's root level that will prevent the root user in member accounts from making any AWS service API calls.

Which SCP will meet these requirements?

Options:

Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

Question 68

A company's application is currently deployed to a single AWS Region. Recently, the company opened a new office on a different continent. The users in the new office are experiencing high latency. The company's application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and uses Amazon DynamoDB as the database layer. The instances run in an EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. A DevOps engineer is tasked with minimizing application response times and improving availability for users in both Regions.

Which combination of actions should be taken to address the latency issues? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a new DynamoDB table in the new Region with cross-Region replication enabled.

Create new ALB and Auto Scaling group global resources and configure the new ALB to direct traffic to the new Auto Scaling group.

Create new ALB and Auto Scaling group resources in the new Region and configure the new ALB to direct traffic to the new Auto Scaling group.

Create Amazon Route 53 records, health checks, and latency-based routing policies to route to the ALB.

Create Amazon Route 53 aliases, health checks, and failover routing policies to route to the ALB.

Convert the DynamoDB table to a global table.

Question 69

A company detects unusual login attempts in many of its AWS accounts. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that sends a notification to the company's security team when multiple failed login attempts occur. The DevOps engineer has already created an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and has subscribed the security team to the SNS topic.

Which solution will provide the notification with the LEAST operational effort?

Options:

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send log management events to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Create a CloudWatch Logs metric filter to match failed ConsoleLogin events. Create a CloudWatch alarm that is based on the metric filter. Configure an alarm action to send messages to the SNS topic.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send log management events to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon Athena query that returns a failure if the query finds failed logins in the logs in the S3 bucket. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to periodically run the query. Create a second EventBridge rule to detect when the query fails and to send a message to the SNS topic.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send log data events to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Create a CloudWatch logs metric filter to match failed Consolel_ogin events. Create a CloudWatch alarm that is based on the metric filter. Configure an alarm action to send messages to the SNS topic.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send log data events to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure an Amazon S3 event notification for the s3:ObjectCreated event type. Filter the event type by ConsoleLogin failed events. Configure the event notification to forward to the SNS topic.

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. Configuring AWS CloudTrail to send log data events to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group and creating a CloudWatch logs metric filter to match failed ConsoleLogin events is the simplest and most efficient way to monitor and alert on failed login attempts. Creating a CloudWatch alarm that is based on the metric filter and configuring an alarm action to send messages to the SNS topic will ensure that the security team is notified when multiple failed login attempts occur. This solution requires the least operational effort compared to the other options.

Option A is incorrect because it involves configuring AWS CloudTrail to send log management events instead of log data events. Log management events are used to track changes to CloudTrail configuration, such as creating, updating, or deleting a trail. Log data events are used to track API activity in AWS accounts, such as login attempts. Therefore, option A will not capture the failed ConsoleLogin events.

Option B is incorrect because it involves creating an Amazon Athena query and two Amazon EventBridge rules to monitor and alert on failed login attempts. This is a more complex and costly solution than using CloudWatch logs and alarms. Moreover, option B relies on the query returning a failure, which may not happen if the query is executed successfully but does not find any failed logins.

Option D is incorrect because it involves configuring AWS CloudTrail to send log data events to an Amazon S3 bucket and configuring an Amazon S3 event notification for the s3:ObjectCreated event type. This solution will not work because the s3:ObjectCreated event type does not allow filtering by ConsoleLogin failed events. The event notification will be triggered for any object created in the S3 bucket, regardless of the event type. Therefore, option D will generate a lot of false positives and unnecessary notifications.

AWS CloudTrail Log File Examples

Creating CloudWatch Alarms for CloudTrail Events: Examples

Monitoring CloudTrail Log Files with Amazon CloudWatch Logs

Question 70

A company is building a web and mobile application that uses a serverless architecture powered by AWS Lambda and Amazon API Gateway The company wants to fully automate the backend Lambda deployment based on code that is pushed to the appropriate environment branch in an AWS CodeCommit repository

The deployment must have the following:

• Separate environment pipelines for testing and production

• Automatic deployment that occurs for test environments only

Which steps should be taken to meet these requirements'?

Options:

Configure a new AWS CodePipelme service Create a CodeCommit repository for each environment Set up CodePipeline to retrieve the source code from the appropriate repository Set up the deployment step to deploy the Lambda functions with AWS CloudFormation.

Create two AWS CodePipeline configurations for test and production environments Configure the production pipeline to have a manual approval step Create aCodeCommit repository for each environment Set up each CodePipeline to retrieve the source code from the appropriate repository Set up the deployment step to deploy the Lambda functions with AWS CloudFormation.

Create two AWS CodePipeline configurations for test and production environments Configure the production pipeline to have a manual approval step. Create one CodeCommit repository with a branch for each environment Set up each CodePipeline to retrieve the source code from the appropriate branch in the repository. Set up the deployment step to deploy the Lambda functions with AWS CloudFormation

Create an AWS CodeBuild configuration for test and production environments Configure the production pipeline to have a manual approval step. Create one CodeCommit repository with a branch for each environment Push the Lambda function code to an Amazon S3 bucket Set up the deployment step to deploy the Lambda functions from the S3 bucket.

Question 71

A company is using AWS Organizations to create separate AWS accounts for each of its departments The company needs to automate the following tasks

• Update the Linux AMIs with new patches periodically and generate a golden image

• Install a new version to Chef agents in the golden image, is available

• Provide the newly generated AMIs to the department's accounts

Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST management overhead'?

Options:

Write a script to launch an Amazon EC2 instance from the previous golden image Apply the patch updates Install the new version of the Chef agent, generate a new golden image, and then modify the AMI permissions to share only the new image with the department's accounts.

Use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create an image pipeline that consists of the base Linux AMI and components to install the Chef agent Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share EC2 Image Builder images with the department's accounts

Use an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to update the Linux AMI by using the previous image Provide the URL for the script that will update the Chef agent Use AWS Organizations to replace the previous golden image in the department's accounts.

Use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create an image pipeline that consists of the base Linux AMI and components to install the Chef agent Create a parameter in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store to store the new AMI ID that can be referenced by the department's accounts

Question 72

A company requires its internal business teams to launch resources through pre-approved AWS CloudFormation templates only. The security team requires automated monitoring when resources drift from their expected state.

Which strategy should be used to meet these requirements?

Options:

Allow users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using a CloudFormation service role only. Use CloudFormation drift detection to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state.

Allow users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using a CloudFormation service role only. Use AWS Config rules to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state.

Allow users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using AWS Service Catalog only. Enforce the use of a launch constraint. Use AWS Config rules to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state.

Allow users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using AWS Service Catalog only. Enforce the use of a template constraint. Use Amazon EventBridge notifications to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state.

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is C. Allowing users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using AWS Service Catalog only and enforcing the use of a launch constraint is the best way to ensure that the internal business teams launch resources through pre-approved CloudFormation templates only. AWS Service Catalog is a service that enables organizations to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS. A launch constraint is a rule that specifies the role that AWS Service Catalog assumes when launching a product. By using a launch constraint, the DevOps engineer can control the permissions that the users have when launching a product. Using AWS Config rules to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state is the best way to automate the monitoring of the resources. AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources. AWS Config rules are custom or managed rules that AWS Config uses to evaluate whether your AWS resources comply with your desired configurations. By using AWS Config rules, the DevOps engineer can track the changes in the resources and identify any non-compliant resources.

Option A is incorrect because allowing users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using a CloudFormation service role only is not the best way to ensure that the internal business teams launch resources through pre-approved CloudFormation templates only. A CloudFormation service role is an IAM role that CloudFormation assumes to create, update, or delete the stack resources. By using a CloudFormation service role, the DevOps engineer can control the permissions that CloudFormation has when acting on the resources, but not the permissions that the users have when launching a stack. Therefore, option A does not prevent the users from launching resources that are not approved by the company. Using CloudFormation drift detection to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state is a valid way to monitor the resources, but it is not as automated and scalable as using AWS Config rules. CloudFormation drift detection is a feature that enables you to detect whether a stack’s actual configuration differs, or has drifted, from its expected configuration. To use this feature, the DevOps engineer would need to manually initiate a drift detection operation on the stack or the stack resources, and then view the drift status and details in the CloudFormation console or API.

Option B is incorrect because allowing users to deploy CloudFormation stacks using a CloudFormation service role only is not the best way to ensure that the internal business teams launch resources through pre-approved CloudFormation templates only, as explained in option A. Using AWS Config rules to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state is a valid way to monitor the resources, as explained in option C.

Option D is incorrect because enforcing the use of a template constraint is not the best way to ensure that the internal business teams launch resources through pre-approved CloudFormation templates only. A template constraint is a rule that defines the values or properties that users can specify when launching a product. By using a template constraint, the DevOps engineer can control the parameters that the users can provide when launching a product, but not the permissions that the users have when launching a product. Therefore, option D does not prevent the users from launching resources that are not approved by the company. Using Amazon EventBridge notifications to detect when resources have drifted from their expected state is a less reliable and consistent solution than using AWS Config rules. Amazon EventBridge is a service that enables you to connect your applications with data from a variety of sources. Amazon EventBridge can deliver a stream of real-time data from event sources, such as AWS services, and route that data to targets, such as AWS Lambda functions. However, to use this solution, the DevOps engineer would need to configure the event source, the event bus, the event rule, and the event target for each resource type that needs to be monitored, which is more complex and error-prone than using AWS Config rules.

Question 73

A company manages an application that stores logs in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. The company wants to archive the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket Logs are rarely accessed after 90 days and must be retained tor 10 years.

Which combination of steps should a DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Configure a CloudWatch Logs subscription filter to use AWS Glue to transfer all logs to an S3 bucket.

Configure a CloudWatch Logs subscription filter to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to stream all logs to an S3 bucket.

Configure a CloudWatch Logs subscription fitter to stream all logs to an S3 bucket.

Configure the S3 bucket lifecycle policy to transition logs to S3 Glacier after 90 days and to expire logs after 3.650 days.

Configure the S3 bucket lifecycle policy to transition logs to Reduced Redundancy after 90 days and to expire logs after 3.650 days.

Question 74

A company runs an application on Amazon EC2 instances. The company uses a series of AWS CloudFormation stacks to define the application resources. A developer performs updates by building and testing the application on a laptop and then uploading the build output and CloudFormation stack templates to Amazon S3. The developer's peers review the changes before the developer performs the CloudFormation stack update and installs a new version of the application onto the EC2 instances.

The deployment process is prone to errors and is time-consuming when the developer updates each EC2 instance with the new application. The company wants to automate as much of the application deployment process as possible while retaining a final manual approval step before the modification of the application or resources.

The company already has moved the source code for the application and the CloudFormation templates to AWS CodeCommit. The company also has created an AWS CodeBuild project to build and test the application.

Which combination of steps will meet the company’s requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

Create an application group and a deployment group in AWS CodeDeploy. Install the CodeDeploy agent on the EC2 instances.

Create an application revision and a deployment group in AWS CodeDeploy. Create an environment in CodeDeploy. Register the EC2 instances to the CodeDeploy environment.

Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, run the CloudFormation update, and pause for a manual approval step. After approval, start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, create CloudFormation change sets for each of the application stacks, and pause for a manual approval step. After approval, run the CloudFormation change sets and start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, create CloudFormation change sets for each of the application stacks, and pause for a manual approval step. After approval, start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

Question 75

A DevOps engineer needs to apply a core set of security controls to an existing set of AWS accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations. Individual teams will administer individual accounts by using the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy. For all accounts. AWS CloudTrail and AWS Config must be turned on in all available AWS Regions. Individual account administrators must not be able to edit or delete any of the baseline resources. However, individual account administrators must be able to edit or delete their own CloudTrail trails and AWS Config rules.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

Enable AWS Control Tower. Enroll the existing accounts in AWS Control Tower. Grant the individual account administrators access to CloudTrail and AWS Config.

Designate an AWS Config management account. Create AWS Config recorders in all accounts by using AWS CloudFormation StackSets. Deploy AWS Config rules to the organization by using the AWS Config management account. Create a CloudTrail organization trail in the organization’s management account. Deny modification or deletion of the AWS Config recorders by using an SCP.

Create an AWS CloudFormation template that defines the standard account resources. Deploy the template to all accounts from the organization's management account by using Cloud Formation StackSets Create an SCP that prevents updates or deletions to CloudTrail resources or AWS Config resources unless the principal is an administrator of the organization's management account.

Question 76

A company that runs many workloads on AWS has an Amazon EBS spend that has increased over time. The DevOps team notices there are many unattached

EBS volumes. Although there are workloads where volumes are detached, volumes over 14 days old are stale and no longer needed. A DevOps engineer has been tasked with creating automation that deletes unattached EBS volumes that have been unattached for 14 days.

Which solution will accomplish this?

Options:

Configure the AWS Config ec2-volume-inuse-check managed rule with a configuration changes trigger type and an Amazon EC2 volume resource target. Create a new Amazon CloudWatch Events rule scheduled to execute an AWS Lambda function in 14 days to delete the specified EBS volume.

Use Amazon EC2 and Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager to configure a volume lifecycle policy. Set the interval period for unattached EBS volumes to 14 days and set the retention rule to delete. Set the policy target volumes as *.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to execute an AWS Lambda function daily. The Lambda function should find unattached EBS volumes and tag them with the current date, and delete unattached volumes that have tags with dates that are more than 14 days old.

Use AWS Trusted Advisor to detect EBS volumes that have been detached for more than 14 days. Execute an AWS Lambda function that creates a snapshot and then deletes the EBS volume.

Question 77

A company has an AWS CodeDeploy application. The application has a deployment group that uses a single tag group to identify instances for the deployment of ApplicationA. The single tag group configuration identifies instances that have Environment=Production and Name=ApplicattonA tags for the deployment of ApplicationA.

The company launches an additional Amazon EC2 instance with Department=Marketing Environment^Production. and Name=ApplicationB tags. On the next CodeDeploy deployment of ApplicationA. the additional instance has ApplicationA installed on it. A DevOps engineer needs to configure the existing deployment group to prevent ApplicationA from being installed on the additional instance

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Change the current single tag group to include only the Environment=Production tag Add another single tag group that includes only the Name=ApplicationA tag.

Change the current single tag group to include the Department=Marketmg Environment=Production and Name=ApplicationAtags

Add another single tag group that includes only the Department=Marketing tag. Keep the Environment=Production and Name=ApplicationA tags with the current single tag group

Change the current single tag group to include only the Environment=Production tag Add another single tag group that includes only the Department=Marketing tag

Question 78

A company's developers use Amazon EC2 instances as remote workstations. The company is concerned that users can create or modify EC2 security groups to allow unrestricted inbound access.

A DevOps engineer needs to develop a solution to detect when users create unrestricted security group rules. The solution must detect changes to security group rules in near real time, remove unrestricted rules, and send email notifications to the security team. The DevOps engineer has created an AWS Lambda function that checks for security group ID from input, removes rules that grant unrestricted access, and sends notifications through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).

What should the DevOps engineer do next to meet the requirements?

Options:

Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the SNS topic. Create an AWS CloudTrail subscription for the SNS topic. Configure a subscription filter for security group modification events.

Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule to invoke the Lambda function. Define a schedule pattern that runs the Lambda function every hour.

Create an Amazon EventBridge event rule that has the default event bus as the source. Define the rule’s event pattern to match EC2 security group creation and modification events. Configure the rule to invoke the Lambda function.

Create an Amazon EventBridge custom event bus that subscribes to events from all AWS services. Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the custom event bus.

Question 79

A company has multiple development teams in different business units that work in a shared single AWS account All Amazon EC2 resources that are created in the account must include tags that specify who created the resources. The tagging must occur within the first hour of resource creation.

A DevOps engineer needs to add tags to the created resources that Include the user ID that created the resource and the cost center ID The DevOps engineer configures an AWS Lambda Function with the cost center mappings to tag the resources. The DevOps engineer also sets up AWS CloudTrail in the AWS account. An Amazon S3 bucket stores the CloudTrail event logs

Which solution will meet the tagging requirements?

Options:

Create an S3 event notification on the S3 bucket to invoke the Lambda function for s3. ObJectTagging:Put events. Enable bucket versioning on the S3 bucket.

Enable server access logging on the S3 bucket. Create an S3 event notification on the S3 bucket for s3. ObjectTaggIng.• events

Create a recurring hourly Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule that invokes the Larnbda function. Modify the Lambda function to read the logs from the S3 bucket

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that uses Amazon EC2 as the event source. Configure the rule to match events delivered by CloudTraiI. Configure the rule to target the Lambda function

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Amazon Web Services DOP-C02 AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional Exam Practice Test

AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional Questions and Answers

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