Oracle 1z0-1109-23 Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 2023 DevOps Professional Exam Practice Test

Explanation

The three statements that are true regarding setting up cluster access for an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) cluster are: When a cluster's Kubernetes API endpoint has a public IP address, you can access the cluster in Cloud Shell by setting up a kubeconfig file. This allows you to authenticate and interact with the cluster using kubectl. Generating an API sign-ing key pair is a mandatory step when setting up cluster access using a local machine if the public key is not already uploaded in the console. This key pair is used for authentication and securing the connection to the cluster. To access the cluster using kubectl, you need to set up a Kubernetes con-figuration file (kubeconfig) for the cluster. By default, the kubeconfig file is named "config" and is stored in the $HOME/.kube directory. This file contains the necessary information and credentials to authenticate and communicate with the cluster. These steps enable the DevOps engineer to access and manage the OKE cluster, deploy new applications, and manage existing ones using kubectl or other Kubernetes management tools. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/ContEng/Tasks/contengdownloadkubeconfigfile.htm

Explanation

The two offerings that DevOps tools can provide are: Integration between development and IT teams to achieve automation: DevOps tools facilitate collaboration and integration between development and IT operations teams. They provide a platform for automating processes, sharing information, and streamlining workflows, enabling faster and more efficient software development and deployment. Speeding up production consistency and speed by automating the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC): DevOps tools automate various stages of the SDLC, including code compilation, testing, deployment, and monitoring. By automating these processes, DevOps tools help ensure consistency, reduce manual errors, and accelerate the release of software updates and new features. DevOps tools may also offer additional benefits such as improved security, reporting, and tracking metrics, but the primary offerings are integration and automation for faster and more efficient software delivery.

The two offerings which DevOps tool can provide are:

• Integrates between development and IT teams to achieve automation. DevOps tools enable collaboration between developers and operations teams by breaking down silos and streamlining workflows. DevOps tools also automate routine tasks and eliminate manual processes that can cause errors and delays.
• Speeds up production consistency and speed by automating SDLC. DevOps tools automate the software development lifecycle (SDLC) by enabling continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) of software. DevOps tools also ensure consistency across different environments by using infrastructure as code (IaC) and configuration management techniques. Verified References: [DevOps - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [DevOps Tools - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools]

Explanation

The group of OCI services that can help you get application insights is OCI Logging, Monitoring, and Application Performance Monitoring (APM). OCI Logging allows you to collect and analyze log data from your applications, infrastructure, and other resources. It helps you track and trouble-shoot issues by providing visibility into the performance and behavior of your applications. OCI Monitoring enables you to monitor the health, performance, and availability of your cloud resources, including your applications. It allows you to set up metrics, alarms, and notifications to proactively monitor and respond to any issues or anomalies. OCI Application Performance Monitoring (APM) is specifically designed to provide insights into the performance of your applications. It helps you identify and diagnose performance bottlenecks, track user experiences, and optimize the overall performance of your applications. By using OCI Logging, Monitoring, and APM together, you can gain comprehensive visibility into your cloud native applications and effectively monitor their performance and behavior.

Explanation

When creating stages for an Oracle Kubernetes Engine (OKE) deployment pipeline, you are able to include the following actions within the pipeline stages themselves: Add a stage to apply the Kubernetes manifest to the Kubernetes cluster: This stage allows you to apply the desired Kubernetes manifest files that define the deployment configuration of your application to the OKE cluster. It ensures that the desired state of your application is reflected in the cluster. Add a stage to apply the container image to the Kubernetes cluster: This stage involves deploying the container image of your application to the OKE cluster. It ensures that the latest version of your application's container image is deployed and running in the cluster. Add a stage to deploy incrementally to multiple OKE target environments: This stage allows you to deploy your application incrementally to multiple OKE target environments, such as staging and production. It enables you to control the deployment process and ensure that the application is rolled out smoothly across different environments. Add a stage to deliver artifacts to an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Artifact Registry: This stage involves delivering the artifacts generated during the build process, such as container images or other artifacts, to the OCI Artifact Registry. The Artifact Registry provides a centralized location for storing and managing artifacts, making them easily accessible for deployment to OKE or other environments. Including these actions within the pipeline stages themselves helps streamline the deployment process and ensures that all necessary steps are included within the automated pipeline, minimizing the need for manual intervention or external processes.

Explanation

The correct answer is: Continuous delivery is a process that initiates deployment manually, while continuous deployment is based on automating the deployment process. In the DevOps lifecycle, continuous delivery and continuous deployment are both approaches to software release and deployment, but they differ in the level of automation and manual intervention involved. Continuous delivery refers to the practice of continuously preparing software releases in a way that they could be deployed to production at any time. It focuses on automating the build, test, and deployment processes, ensuring that software is always in a deployable state. However, the decision to actually deploy the software to production is made manually, typically by a human operator or team. On the other hand, continuous deployment takes the automation one step further. With continuous deployment, the software is automatically deployed to production as soon as it passes all the necessary tests and checks. There is no manual intervention in the deployment process, and it is fully automat-ed. This approach allows for faster and more frequent deployments, reducing the time between developing new features and making them available to users. So, the main difference is that continuous delivery requires a manual trigger for deployment to production, while continuous deployment automates the deployment process without the need for manual intervention.

Explanation

The connection option that is NOT valid for connecting to an Oracle Autonomous Transaction Pro-cessing (ATP) Database from Oracle Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) is: Enable Oracle REST Data Services for the required schemas and connect via HTTPS. Enabling Oracle REST Data Services (ORDS) is not a valid method for connecting to an ATP Database from OKE. ORDS is a tool that allows you to create RESTful web services against Oracle databases. However, it is not the recommended method for establishing a connection between a containerized application in OKE and an ATP Database. The other three options mentioned are valid approaches: Creating a Kuber-netes secret with contents from the ATP instance Wallet files: This allows you to securely store and use the necessary credentials to connect to the ATP Database in your application's deployment man-ifest. Using Kubernetes secrets to configure environment variables on the container with ATP in-stance OCID and OCI API credentials: This approach allows you to set environment variables with-in your application container to provide the necessary connection details to the ATP Database. In-stalling the OCI Service Broker and deploying serviceinstance and ServiceBinding resources for ATP: The OCI Service Broker simplifies the process of provisioning and managing Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) services, including ATP, from within Kubernetes. This option allows you to create a service binding that provides the necessary connection information to your application as a volume in the deployment manifest. These options provide more direct and secure connections be-tween the containerized application in OKE and the ATP Database, ensuring proper integration and data access.

Explanation

The proper rule to follow when creating container repositories inside the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Registry is: You must use a separate container repository for each image, but multiple versions of that image can be in a single repository. This means that each distinct image should have its own repository, but different versions of the same image can be stored within that repository. This allows for better organization and management of container images. The other options mentioned are not correct: Checking the "Immutable Artifacts" box does not exist as a requirement when creating a container repository. Immutable artifacts refer to the immutability of the container images themselves, not a setting in the repository. There are no restrictions on using capital letters or hyphens in the naming of container repositories. Both capital letters and hyphens are allowed in the repository name. The OCI DevOps Managed Build stage is not directly related to defining artifacts in the artifact and container repositories. The Managed Build stage is responsible for building and packaging application artifacts, but it does not define the repositories themselves.

Explanation

To add approvers to the approval workflow in the Deployment Pipeline of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) DevOps service, you can follow this approach: Add approvers to the Deployment Pipe-line and give them access via OCI IAM policy. OCI DevOps allows you to define an approval workflow as part of the Deployment Pipeline. To add approvers, you can configure the appropriate settings in the Deployment Pipeline configuration. This typically involves specifying the names or email addresses of the individuals who should review and approve the deployment. These approvers will be notified when a deployment is triggered and will be able to review and provide their approval. In order to give the approvers access to the Deployment Pipeline, you can use OCI's Identity and Access Management (IAM) service. By creating IAM policies, you can grant the necessary permissions and access control to the designated approvers, ensuring that they have the appropriate level of access to review and approve deployments. The other options mentioned are not the correct approaches: Manually adding approvers' names and email addresses in the Deployment Pipeline page: This would not provide the necessary access and permissions for the approvers to review and approve the deployment. IAM policies should be used for access control. Emailing approvers before running the Deployment Pipeline: Emailing approvers separately would not integrate with the auto-mated approval workflow in the Deployment Pipeline. The approval process should be handled within the OCI DevOps service. Adding approvers to the buildspec file: The buildspec file is primarily used for defining the build stages and actions, not for managing the approval workflow.

Explanation

The correct answer is: dependency relationships between variables. In an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Resource Manager Schema Document, you can specify various aspects of your template, such as information about the application, permissions, logo, and pattern validations for string-type variables. However, dependency relationships between variables cannot be specified in a Schema Document. Dependency relationships between variables are typically defined in the Terraform con-figuration files themselves rather than in the Schema Document. Terraform allows you to express dependencies between resources and variables directly within the configuration using features like interpolation and variable references. The Schema Document in OCI Resource Manager primarily focuses on providing metadata and validation rules for the template inputs, but it does not include features for defining dependencies between variables.

The step that can help ensure that the container images have not been modified after being pushed to OCI Registry is signing the image using the Container Registry CLI and creating an image signature that associates the image with the master encryption key and key version in the Vault service. Image signing is a process of adding a digital signature to an image to verify its authenticity and integrity. You can use OCI Registry CLI to sign an image using a Vault managed key and create an image signature that contains information such as the image name, tag, digest, key OCID, key version OCID, etc. You can also use OCI Registry CLI to verify an image signature before pulling or running an image. Verified References: [Image Signing - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry], [Signing Images - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry]

A stack in Resource Manager is a collection of OCI resources that are created and managed as a single unit in a compartment. A stack includes a collection of Terraform files that specify the resources you want to manage with the Resource Manager, such as compute instances, networks, storage, etc. You can use a stack to apply the infrastructure-as-code model, which allows you to define, provision, and update your infrastructure using configuration files instead of manual processes. Verified References: [Stacks - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Resource Manager], [Creating Stacks - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Resource Manager]

Explanation

The possible error you could have made when adding variables to your build_spec.yaml file that resulted in a failed build pipeline is assuming that a non-exported variable would be persistent across multiple stages of the build pipeline. In a build pipeline, variables need to be properly exported and managed to ensure their availability and persistence across different stages. If you mistakenly assumed that a non-exported variable would persist across stages, it could lead to issues where the variable is not available or its value is not maintained as expected, causing the build pipeline to fail.

To securely store and version your application and automatically build, test, and deploy your application to OCI, you can choose the following OCI services:

• DevOps: This service enables you to automate the software development lifecycle (SDLC) and deliver software faster and more reliably. You can use DevOps to create projects, repositories, build pipelines, deployment pipelines, triggers, and artifacts.
• Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry: This service is a private Docker registry that allows you to store and manage your Docker images in OCI. You can use Registry to push and pull images from your local machine or from your build pipelines.
• Container Engine for Kubernetes: This service is a fully-managed platform that allows you to run your containerized applications in OCI. You can use Container Engine for Kubernetes to create and manage Kubernetes clusters, pods, services, and deployments. Verified References: [DevOps - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Container Engine for Kubernetes - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools]

Explanation

The configuration error that could lead to the "unable to clone the repository" error is: Dynamic Groups access and OCI IAM policies to the code repository are not set: This error suggests that the necessary permissions and access controls have not been properly configured for the OCI Code Repository. Dynamic Groups and IAM policies control user access and permissions to various OCI re-sources, including code repositories. Without the correct configuration, the build pipeline is unable to clone the repository and retrieve the source code. The other options mentioned are not directly related to the error mentioned: More stages were added than required to the build pipeline: Adding more stages to the build pipeline than necessary would not cause an error related to cloning the repository. It might impact the overall flow and logic of the pipeline, but it is not directly related to the repository cloning process. Source files connected directly to the build pipeline: Connecting source files directly to the build pipeline is a typical setup and would not cause a "unable to clone the repository" error. Artifacts and build spec being removed before running the build: Removing artifacts and build specifications before running the build could impact the build process and result in other errors, but it would not specifically cause an error related to cloning the repository. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/devops/using/troubleshooting.htm

Explanation

The correct statement is: Resources provisioned by Resource Manager can only be managed through Resource Manager, preventing the state from becoming out of sync. When a stack is co-managed by multiple teams in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Resource Manager, the resources provisioned by Resource Manager can only be managed through Resource Manager itself. This ensures that the state of the stack remains in sync and prevents conflicts that may arise from multiple teams making changes simultaneously. Managing the resources through Resource Manager helps maintain control and consistency over the stack deployment and configuration. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/ResourceManager/Concepts/resource-manager-and-terraform.htm

Explanation

The correct option is: A playbook could be leveraged and executed against the group of web servers, as defined in the Inventory. Then, Ansible would connect to each server and apply the same set of configurations. In Ansible, a playbook is a YAML file that describes a series of plays and tasks to be executed against a group of hosts. The inventory file defines the group of web servers that need to be patched. By leveraging a playbook, the DevOps team can define the desired configuration or patching tasks once and apply them consistently across all the web servers in the group. An-sible will connect to each server in the inventory and execute the tasks defined in the playbook, ensuring that the desired configurations or patches are applied uniformly. This approach simplifies the management of multiple servers as the same playbook can be executed against the entire group, eliminating the need to manually configure each server individually. It also allows for automation and repeatability, ensuring that the desired changes are applied consistently and efficiently.

Explanation

A valid concern that needs to be further investigated in this scenario is whether the OKE cluster has a secret with credentials of the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry (OCIR) repository and if that secret is being used in the Kubernetes deployment manifest. When deploying an application on OKE and pulling images from OCIR, the cluster needs to authenticate and authorize access to the OCIR repository. This is typically done by creating a Kubernetes secret that contains the credentials (authentication token or username/password) required to access the repository. The secret is then referenced in the Kubernetes deployment manifest to allow the cluster to pull the images. If the images are not getting pulled from the designated OCIR repository, it suggests that the OKE cluster might be missing the necessary secret with the OCIR credentials or the secret is not properly referenced in the deployment manifest. Further investigation should focus on ensuring the existence and correct configuration of the secret and its usage in the deployment process.

Explanation

The prerequisite for creating a secret in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault service is to have a Vault managed key to encrypt the secret. Explanation: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault service provides a secure and centralized location for storing secrets such as passwords, API keys, and other sensitive information. When creating a secret in Vault, one of the prerequisites is to have a Vault man-aged key. The Vault managed key is used to encrypt the secret data, ensuring its confidentiality and security. By utilizing a Vault managed key, the secret can be securely stored and managed within the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault service.

Explanation

The two situations that might be causing the problem with the build pipeline in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps service are: They did not export a vault variable in the vaultVariables section of the build_spec.yaml file. When using vault variables in the build specification file (build_spec.yaml), it is necessary to export the vault variables in the vaultVariables section of the file. If this step is missed, the pipeline may fail due to missing or inaccessible vault variables. Their build specification file is available in a different directory of their Git repository, and there is no reference to its location. The build specification file (build_spec.yaml) should be properly referenced in the pipeline configuration. If the file is located in a different directory than the default location or if its location is not specified correctly in the pipeline configuration, the pipeline may fail to find and execute the build specification, leading to a failure. To resolve these issues, the development team should ensure that they export the required vault variables in the build specification file and correct-ly reference the location of the build specification file in the pipeline configuration.

Explanation

The three statements that are true regarding managing an application deployed in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) and pulling images from Oracle Cloud Infra-structure Registry (OCIR) are: Use kubectl to create a Docker registry secret: To access images from OCIR, you need to create a Docker registry secret in Kubernetes. This can be done using the ku-bectl create secret docker-registry command. Add a containers section that specifies the name and location of the images you want to pull from OCIR, along with other deployment details: In your deployment manifest (e.g., YAML file), you need to define a containers section that specifies the image names and locations from OCIR. This section includes other deployment details such as re-source limits and environment variables. Add an imagePullSecrets section to the manifest file that specifies the name of the Docker secret you created to access OCIR: To authenticate and pull images from OCIR, you need to specify the name of the Docker registry secret in the imagePullSecrets section of your manifest file. This ensures that the appropriate credentials are used to authenticate with OCIR and pull the required images. These steps enable your application deployed in OKE to pull the necessary container images from OCIR during deployment, ensuring smooth and secure deployment of your application. Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/ContEng/Tasks/contengpullingimagesfromocir.htm

To automatically push the modified code changes to the production, you can use the OCI DevOps Triggers feature. A trigger is a rule that defines when a build or deployment pipeline should run based on an event, such as a code commit, a pull request, or a schedule. You can create a trigger that runs your build and deployment pipelines on every code commit to your Git repository, which will ensure that your production environment is always up to date with the latest changes. Verified References: [Triggers - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps], [Creating Triggers - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure DevOps]

The OCI service that can be used as a target deployment environment for intermittent workloads with a consumption-based pricing model is Functions. Functions is a fully managed, serverless platform that allows you to run your code without provisioning or managing any servers. You can use Functions to develop and deploy isolated web applications or RESTful APIs using Node.js, Python, Java, or Go. You only pay for the resources you consume when your code is executed, which is ideal for dynamic and irregular workloads. Verified References: [Functions - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Creating Applications and Functions - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools]

The primary benefits of DevOps tools are to improve the efficiency of IT operations by automating routine tasks and eliminating manual processes, and to automate the software development lifecycle to increase production speed and consistency. DevOps tools enable collaboration between developers and operations teams, streamline workflows, reduce errors, enhance security, and enable continuous integration and delivery of software. Verified References: [DevOps - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [DevOps Tools - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools]

The OCI service that can be used as a target deployment environment for adopting a DevOps framework and a consumption-based pricing model, while providing features like automated rollouts and rollbacks, self-healing of failed containers, and configuration management, without the overhead of managing security patches and scaling, is OCI Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) with virtual nodes. OKE is a fully managed service that allows you to run and manage your containerized applications on OCI using Kubernetes, an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. OKE provides features such as automated rollouts and rollbacks, self-healing of failed containers, configuration management, service discovery, load balancing, etc. OKE also supports virtual nodes, which are serverless compute resources that are automatically provisioned and scaled by OCI based on your application workload demands. Virtual nodes eliminate the need for managing worker node infrastructure, such as security patches, updates, scaling, etc. Virtual nodes also offer a consumption-based pricing model, where you only pay for the resources you consume when your containers are running. Verified References: [Container Engine for Kubernetes - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Virtual Nodes - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes]